Materials and methods for tissue-specific targeting of ethylene insensitivity in transgenic plants

ABSTRACT

The subject invention concerns materials and methods for controlling agricultural traits in plants that are mediated by the plant hormone ethylene. One aspect of the invention concerns a polynucleotide that comprises a sequence encoding a mutant ethylene receptor that is operably linked to a regulatory sequence that drives expression of the mutant receptor in a tissue-specific manner. In an exemplified embodiment, the mutant receptor sequence is an etr1-1 sequence, or a functional fragment or variant thereof, and the regulatory sequence is a promoter sequence from a cotton chitinase gene that can promote expression of the mutant ethylene receptor in abscission zone tissue of a plant. The subject invention also concerns plants and plant tissue transformed with the polynucleotide of the subject invention. Plants expressing the polynucleotide of the subject invention do not drop their flowers in response to exposure to ethylene.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/390,385, filed Jun. 21, 2002.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

[0002] Ethylene is a plant hormone associated with growth and development characteristics of a plant, including flower initiation, fruit, leaf and flower abscission, senescence, and fruit ripening. Abscission or shedding occurs when there is a separation of cells located in regions of a plant known as abscission zones. Regulation and control of ethylene production and action has long been a goal of plant biologists. Many of these are directed to controlling enzymes that are associated with the production of ethylene by the plant. More recently, efforts to control or modulate ethylene action have been directed to the plant receptor for ethylene. The gene sequence of an ethylene receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana, designated ETR1, can be found in Genbank (accession number L24119). ETR1 gene sequences, and the receptors encoded thereby, are known for other plants and include broccoli (Genbank accession no. AF047476); peach (Genbank accession no. AF124527); mango (Genbank accession no. AF227742); cucumber (Genbank accession no. AB026498); tobacco (Genbank accession no. AF022727); grape (Genbank accession no. AF243474); muskmelon (Genbank accession no. AB052228); tomato (Genbank accession no. AF043084); and tomato (Genbank accession no. U41103).

[0003] Some efforts have been directed to blocking the ethylene binding site of a plant ethylene receptor protein. Published U.S. patent application Ser. No. 20010019995 describes cyclopropene derivatives that bind to ethylene receptors and block the binding and activation by ethylene.

[0004] U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,294,716, 5,824,868, and 5,689,055 describe modified ethylene receptor wherein plants that express the receptor exhibit a decrease in their response to ethylene as compared to plants that are not expressing the modified receptor. However, all of the studies thus far modulating ethylene response using expression of a modified ethylene receptor in a plant have involved constitutive expression of the receptor throughout the tissues of the plant. It has been found that constitutive expression of the modified ethylene receptor leads to several unwanted side effects in the phenotypic characteristics of plants constitutively expressing the receptor. Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for means to modulate a plant's response to ethylene in a tissue-specific manner.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The subject invention concerns materials and methods for controlling agricultural traits in plants that are mediated by the plant hormone ethylene. Using the materials and methods of the invention, one can provide plants that are resistant to dropping their flowers, fruit, and/or leaves upon exposure to ethylene relative to wild type plants. One aspect of the invention concerns a polynucleotide that comprises a sequence encoding a mutant ethylene receptor that is operably linked to a regulatory sequence that drives expression of the mutant receptor in a tissue-specific manner. In an exemplified embodiment, the mutant receptor sequence is the Arabidopsis thaliana etr1-1 sequence, or a functional fragment or variant thereof, and the regulatory sequence is a promoter sequence from a cotton chitinase gene that can drive expression of the receptor specifically in an abscission zone of a plant.

[0006] The subject invention also concerns plants, plant tissue, and plant cells transformed with or bred to contain a polynucleotide of the subject invention. Plants expressing a polynucleotide of the subject invention do not drop their flowers in response to exposure to ethylene.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0007]FIG. 1 shows a map of pLBS107 construct that includes a cotton chitinase promoter and mutant ethylene receptor that can be used according to the subject invention.

[0008] FIGS. 2A-2J show the sequence of the pLBS107 construct (SEQ ID NO. 9). The promoter sequence is approximately from nucleotide 1 to nucleotide 1622. The nucleotide sequence encoding the mutant ethylene receptor starts at nucleotide number 1674 and ends at nucleotide number 3887. The stop codon is located at nucleotides 3888-3890.

[0009] FIGS. 3A-3E show the sequence of the pLBS107 construct with the restriction sites identified over the nucleotide sequence.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCES

[0010] SEQ ID NO. 1 is an amino acid sequence of a mutant etr1-1 receptor that can be used according to the present invention.

[0011] SEQ ID NO. 2 is an amino acid sequence of a mutant etr1-2 receptor that can be used according to the present invention.

[0012] SEQ ID NO. 3 is an amino acid sequence of a mutant etr1-3 receptor that can be used according to the present invention.

[0013] SEQ ID NO. 4 is an amino acid sequence of a mutant etr1-4 receptor that can be used according to the present invention.

[0014] SEQ ID NO. 5 is a nucleotide sequence that comprises a protein coding sequence that encodes the mutant etr1-1 sequence shown as SEQ ID NO. 1 that can be used according to the present invention.

[0015] SEQ ID NO. 6 is an amino acid sequence of a mutant etr2-1 receptor that can be used according to the present invention.

[0016] SEQ ID NO. 7 is a nucleotide sequence that comprises a protein coding sequence that encodes the mutant etr2-1 sequence shown as SEQ ID NO. 6 that can be used according to the present invention.

[0017] SEQ ID NO. 8 is a cotton chitinase gene promoter sequence that can be used according to the present invention.

[0018] SEQ ID NO. 9 is the nucleotide sequence of the pLBS107 construct that can be used according to the present invention.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The subject invention concerns materials and methods for controlling agricultural traits in plants that are mediated by the plant hormone ethylene. One aspect of the invention concerns a polynucleotide that comprises: (a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant plant ethylene receptor, or a fragment or variant thereof, that is ethylene insensitive, and (b) operably linked to the nucleotide sequence encoding the mutant receptor, a regulatory sequence that promotes transcription and expression of the nucleotide sequence encoding the mutant receptor in plant cells that comprise the abscission zone of a plant. Genes encoding plant ethylene receptors, and the amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins, have been identified and sequenced for numerous plant species. Plant ethylene receptors include those designated in the art as ETR1, ETR2, ERS1, ERS2, and EIN4 (Chang et al., 1993; Hua et al., 1995; Hua et al., 1998; and Sakai et al., 1998). ETR2 receptor sequences, and polynucleotides encoding them, are known for several plant species and include Arabidopsis thaliana (Genbank accession no. AF047975); cucumber (Genbank accession no. AB026500); apple tree (Genbank accession no. AF032448); and tomato (Genbank accession no. AF043085). Mutant alleles of these ethylene receptors that exhibit dominant insensitivity to ethylene have also been isolated and sequenced. Any polynucleotide sequence encoding a mutant ethylene receptor, or a fragment or variant thereof, that confers insensitivity to ethylene when expressed in a plant is contemplated within the scope of the present invention. As used herein, the term “operably linked” refers to a juxtaposition of the components described wherein the components are in a relationship that permits them to function in their intended manner. In general, operably linked components are in contiguous relation.

[0020] In one embodiment, the mutant receptor sequence can have an amino acid sequence corresponding to a plant etr1 mutant receptor. In a further embodiment, the mutant receptor sequence is an Arabidopsis thaliana etr1 sequence that can include, but is not limited to, etr1-1 (SEQ ID NO. 1), etr1-2 (SEQ ID NO. 2), etr1-3 (SEQ ID NO. 3), and etr1-4 (SEQ ID NO. 4) (Chang et al., 1993). In an exemplified embodiment, the mutant receptor sequence is the Arabidopsis thaliana etr1-1 sequence (SEQ ID NO. 1) in which the mutant form has a tyrosine in place of the cysteine at amino acid position 65 of the wildtype form, or a functional fragment or variant thereof, and the mutant ethylene receptor etr1-1 is encoded by the etr1-1 nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 5. In another embodiment, the mutant receptor sequence can have an amino acid sequence corresponding to a plant etr2 mutant receptor. The Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene receptor etr2-1 (SEQ ID NO. 6) is encoded by the etr2-1 gene sequence (SEQ ID NO. 7). Any nucleotide sequence that encodes a mutant ethylene receptor sequence of the present invention is contemplated within the scope of the invention.

[0021] Another aspect of the invention concerns materials and methods for inhibiting or reducing expression of genes that are involved in the ethylene signaling pathway in plants. These genes include, but are not limited to, EIN2, EIN3, and EIN3-like (EIL) genes (Alonso et al., 1999;.Chao et al., 1997; Tieman et al., 2001; Genbank accession nos. NM120406 and AF141202; Genbank accession nos. NM112968 and AF004216). Antisense, cosuppression, RNA interference (RNAi), and gene mutagenesis technologies can be used to inhibit expression or function of EIN or EIL genes or gene products. Polynucleotides that provide for transcribed nucleic acid sequences that are at least partially complementary to a transcribed sequence of an EIN or EIL gene are contemplated within the scope of the invention. Such polynucleotides are referred to herein as antisense polynucleotides and the sequences are antisense sequences. Transcription of the antisense sequence results in production of RNA which is at least partially complementary to RNA transcribed from an EIN or EIL gene. The polynucleotide does not have to be identical in sequence to or the same length as the endogenous EIN or EIL gene sequence. The polynucleotide used for antisense inhibition can be shorter in length than the full-length EIN or EIL sequence. For example, a polynucleotide can be used that corresponds to the 5′-end or the 3′-end of the endogenous EIN or EIL gene.

[0022] The polynucleotide sequence that is complementary to a sequence of an mRNA of an EIN or EIL gene is selected to be of sufficient length to bind to the mRNA and inhibit expression of the gene product. The sequence is preferably between 10 and 5000 nucleotides in length. More preferably, the sequence is between 20 and 2000 nucleotides in length. Most preferably, the sequence is between 50 and 1000 nucleotides in length. The sequence transcribed from the antisense polynucleotide may be complementary to any sequence of the RNA transcribed from an EIN or EIL gene, including the 5′ non-coding sequence, 3′ non-coding sequence, introns, the coding sequence, or any portion thereof.

[0023] Inhibition of expression of an endogenous EIN or EIL gene can also be achieved by introducing into a plant cell a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence that is identical to or similar to the sequence of an endogenous EIN or EIL gene sequence, and selecting from among transformed plants obtained from the cells those transformants that express the EIN or EIL transgene sequence and that exhibit reduced expression of EIN or EIL gene products as compared to non-transformed plants. This method of inhibiting expression of a gene product is also referred to as RNAi, cosuppression, or “post-transcriptional gene silencing.” The polynucleotide does not have to be identical in sequence to or the same length as the endogenous gene sequence. The polynucleotide can be shorter in length than the full-length gene sequence. For example, a polynucleotide can be used that corresponds to the 5′-end or the 3′-end of the endogenous gene. Other methods for inhibiting expression of a gene product through RNAi, cosuppression, or post-transcriptional gene silencing are known in the art. For example, an expression vector that provides for the continual expression of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in transiently or stably transfected cells can be used. The siRNAs are small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. The siRNAs comprise RNA sequences that are complementary to the sense and antisense strands of the gene that is being silenced. Expression of these double-stranded RNAs in a cell results in the inhibition of expression of the gene product. Polynucleotide sequences used to inhibit expression of an EIN or EIL gene product can have operably linked thereto a regulatory sequence that promotes transcription and expression of the nucleotide sequences used to inhibit EIN and EIL expression in plant cells that comprise the abscission zone of a plant.

[0024] In one embodiment, a regulatory sequence that can be operably linked to a nucleotide sequence of the present invention comprises a promoter from a plant chitinase gene, or a functional fragment or variant thereof. In an exemplified embodiment, the chitinase promoter is from cotton and comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8, or a functional fragment or variant thereof. U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,680 describes a promoter from rice chitinase that can be used with the invention. Other promoters that can drive expression in cells comprising the abscission zones of a plant are also contemplated within the scope of the invention and include, for example, promoter sequences of plant genes encoding polygalacturonases or cellulases (Koehler et al., 1996; Genbank accession no. U34754; Genbank accession no. U34755). As used herein, “promoter” or “promoter sequence” means a polynucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid molecule that is capable of directing an RNA polymerase to initiate transcription (i.e., the synthesis of RNA on a DNA template) at a transcription initiation site.

[0025] A promoter sequence can be incorporated into a polynucleotide of the invention using standard techniques known in the art. Multiple copies of promoters or multiple promoters can be used in an expression construct of the invention. Typically, a promoter sequence is operably linked 5′ to the nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant ethylene receptor. In one embodiment, a promoter can be positioned about the same distance from the transcription start site as it is from the transcription start site in its natural genetic environment. Some variation in this distance is permitted without substantial decrease in promoter activity. A transcription start site is typically included in the expression construct.

[0026] The polynucleotide of the invention can include additional regulatory elements, for example, transcription termination sequences, translation termination sequences, enhancers, and polyadenylation elements.

[0027] A polynucleotide of the invention may optionally contain a transcription termination sequence, a translation termination sequence, a sequence encoding a signal peptide sequence and/or enhancer elements. Transcription termination regions can typically be obtained from the 3′ untranslated region of a eukaryotic or viral gene sequence. Transcription termination sequences can be positioned downstream of a coding sequence to provide for efficient termination. Signal peptides are a group of short amino terminal sequences that encode information responsible for the relocation of an operably linked mature polypeptide to a wide range of post-translational cellular destinations, ranging from a specific organelle compartment to sites of protein action and the extracellular environment. Targeting gene products to an intended cellular and/or extracellular destination through the use of operably linked signal peptide sequence is contemplated for use with the polypeptides of the invention. Enhancers are cis-acting elements that increase activity of a promoter and can also be included in the expression construct. Enhancer elements are known in the art, and include, but are not limited to, the CaMV 35S enhancer element, maize shrunken-1 enhancer element, cytomegalovirus (CMV) early promoter enhancer element, and the SV40 enhancer element.

[0028] DNA sequences which direct polyadenylation of mRNA transcribed from a polynucleotide can also be included in a polynucleotide of the invention, and include, but are not limited to, an octopine synthase or nopaline synthase signal. A polynucleotide of the invention can also include a polynucleotide sequence that directs transposition of other genes, i.e., a transposon.

[0029] A polynucleotide of the invention can also include one or more dominant selectable marker genes, including, for example, genes encoding antibiotic resistance and/or herbicide-resistance for selecting transformed cells. Antibiotic-resistance genes can provide for resistance to one or more of the following antibiotics: hygromycin, kanamycin, bleomycin, G418, streptomycin, paromomycin, neomycin, and spectinomycin. Kanamycin resistance can be provided by neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II). Herbicide-resistance genes can provide for resistance to phosphinothricin acetyltransferase or glyphosate. Other markers used for cell transformation screening include genes encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS), β-galactosidase, luciferase, nopaline synthase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), green fluorescence protein (GFP), or enhanced GFP (Yang et al., 1996).

[0030] The subject invention also concerns polynucleotide vectors comprising a polynucleotide sequence of the invention. Unique restriction enzyme sites can be included at the 5′ and 3′ ends of an expression construct or polynucleotide of the invention to allow for insertion into a polynucleotide vector. As used herein, the term “vector” refers to any genetic element, including for example, plasmids, cosmids, chromosomes, phage, virus, and the like, which is capable of replication when associated with proper control elements and which can transfer polynucleotide sequences between cells. Vectors contain a nucleotide sequence that permits the vector to replicate in a selected host cell. A number of vectors are available for expression and/or cloning, and include, but are not limited to, pBR322, pUC series, M13 series, and pBLUESCRIPT vectors (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.).

[0031] Polynucleotides of the present invention can be composed of either RNA or DNA. Preferably, the polynucleotides are composed of DNA. The subject invention also encompasses those polynucleotides that are complementary in sequence to the polynucleotides disclosed herein.

[0032] Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, a variety of different polynucleotide sequences can encode a mutant receptor disclosed herein. In addition, it is well within the skill of a person trained in the art to create alternative polynucleotide sequences encoding the same, or essentially the same, polypeptides of the subject invention. These variant or alternative polynucleotide sequences are within the scope of the subject invention. As used herein, references to “essentially the same” sequence refers to sequences which encode amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions, or insertions which do not materially alter the functional activity of the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotides of the present invention.

[0033] Mutant ethylene receptor proteins having substitution of amino acids other than those specifically exemplified in the subject receptor proteins are also contemplated within the scope of the present invention. For example, non-natural amino acids can be substituted for the amino acids of a protein of the invention, so long as the protein having substituted amino acids retains substantially the same activity as the protein in which amino acids have not been substituted. Examples of non-natural amino acids include, but are not limited to, ornithine, citrulline, hydroxyproline, homoserine, phenylglycine, taurine, iodotyrosine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, α-amino isobutyric acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, 2-amino butyric acid, γ-amino butyric acid, ε-amino hexanoic acid, 6-amino hexanoic acid, 2-amino isobutyric acid, 3-amino propionic acid, norleucine, norvaline, sarcosine, homocitrulline, cysteic acid, τ-butylglycine, τ-butylalanine, phenylglycine, cyclohexylalanine, β-alanine, fluoro-amino acids, designer amino acids such β-methyl amino acids, C-methyl amino acids, N-methyl amino acids, and amino acid analogues in general. Non-natural amino acids also include amino acids having derivatized side groups. Furthermore, any of the amino acids in the protein can be of the D (dextrorotary) form or L (levorotary) form.

[0034] Amino acids can be generally categorized in the following classes: non-polar, uncharged polar, basic, and acidic. Conservative substitutions whereby a protein having an amino acid of one class is replaced with another amino acid of the same class fall within the scope of the subject invention so long as the protein having the substitution still retains substantially the same biological activity as a protein that does not have the substitution. Table 1 below provides a listing of examples of amino acids belonging to each class. TABLE 1 Class of Amino Acid Examples of Amino Acids Nonpolar Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Met, Phe, Trp Uncharged Polar Gly, Ser, Thr, Cys, Tyr, Asn, Gln Acidic Asp, Glu Basic Lys, Arg, His

[0035] The subject invention also concerns polynucleotides that encode mutant ethylene receptors of the invention. Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, a variety of different polynucleotide sequences can encode a protein of the present invention. In addition, it is well within the skill of a person trained in the art to create alternative polynucleotide sequences encoding the same, or essentially the same, proteins of the subject invention. These variant or alternative polynucleotide sequences, and the proteins encoded thereby, are within the scope of the subject invention. As used herein, references to “essentially the same” sequence refers to sequences which encode amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions, and/or insertions which do not materially alter the functional activity of the protein encoded by the polynucleotides of the present invention. Variant proteins having amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions, and/or insertions which do not materially alter the functional activity of the mutant receptor protein can also be prepared using standard techniques known in the art, and such variant proteins are encompassed within the scope of the present invention. Polynucleotide sequences encoding a protein of the invention can be selected based on preferred codon usage of the organism in which it will be expressed. For example, the polynucleotide sequence can be selected for preferred codon usage in plant cells.

[0036] Polynucleotides and proteins of the subject invention can also be defined in terms of more particular identity and/or similarity ranges with those exemplified herein. The sequence identity will typically be greater than 60%, preferably greater than 75%, more preferably greater than 80%, even more preferably greater than 90%, and can be greater than 95%. The identity and/or similarity of a sequence can be 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, or 99% as compared to a sequence exemplified herein. Unless otherwise specified, as used herein percent sequence identity and/or similarity of two sequences can be determined using the algorithm of Karlin and Altschul (1990), modified as in Karlin and Altschul (1993). Such an algorithm is incorporated into the NBLAST and XBLAST programs of Altschul et al. (1990). BLAST searches can be performed with the NBLAST program, score=100, wordlength=12, to obtain sequences with the desired percent sequence identity. To obtain gapped alignments for comparison purposes, Gapped BLAST can be used as described in Altschul et al. (1997). When utilizing BLAST and Gapped BLAST programs, the default parameters of the respective programs (NBLAST and XBLAST) can be used. See NCBI/NIH website.

[0037] The subject invention also contemplates those polynucleotide molecules having sequences which are sufficiently homologous with the polynucleotide sequences exemplified herein so as to permit hybridization with that sequence under standard stringent conditions and standard methods (Maniatis, T. et al., 1982). As used herein, “stringent” conditions for hybridization refers to conditions wherein hybridization is typically carried out overnight at 20-25 C below the melting temperature (Tm) of the DNA hybrid in 6×SSPE, 5×Denhardt's solution, 0.1% SDS, 0.1 mg/ml denatured DNA. The melting temperature is described by the following formula (Beltz, G. A. et al., 1983):

Tm=81.5 C+16.6 Log[Na+]+0.41(%G+C)−0.61(% formamide)−600/length of duplex in base pairs.

[0038] Washes are typically carried out as follows:

[0039] (1) Twice at room temperature for 15 minutes in 1×SSPE, 0.1% SDS (low stringency wash).

[0040] (2) Once at Tm-20 C for 15 minutes in 0.2×SSPE, 0.1% SDS (moderate stringency wash).

[0041] As used herein, the terms “nucleic acid” and “polynucleotide sequence” refer to a deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide polymer in either single- or double-stranded form, and unless otherwise limited, would encompass known analogs of natural nucleotides that can function in a similar manner as naturally-occurring nucleotides. The polynucleotide sequences include both the DNA strand sequence that is transcribed into RNA and the RNA sequence that is translated into protein. The polynucleotide sequences include both full-length sequences as well as shorter sequences derived from the full-length sequences. It is understood that a particular polynucleotide sequence includes the degenerate codons of the native sequence or sequences which may be introduced to provide codon preference in a specific host cell. Allelic variations of the exemplified sequences also come within the scope of the subject invention. The polynucleotide sequences falling within the scope of the subject invention further include sequences which specifically hybridize with the exemplified sequences. The polynucleotide includes both the sense and antisense strands as either individual strands or in the duplex.

[0042] In one embodiment of the subject method, a plant, plant tissue, or plant cell is transformed with a polynucleotide of the present invention and a transformed plant comprising the polynucleotide is grown from the transformed cell, tissue or plant.

[0043] Plants, plant tissue, and plant cells bred to contain or transformed with the mutant polynucleotides of the invention, and expressing the polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotides, are also contemplated by the present invention. Plants expressing a polynucleotide of the subject invention do not drop their flowers in response to exposure to ethylene. Plants within the scope of the present invention include monocotyledonous plants, such as rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, maize, lilies, banana, pineapple, turfgrass, gladiolus, and millet, and dicotyledonous plants, such as cotton, peas, alfalfa, chickpea, chicory, clover, kale, lentil, prairie grass, soybean, tobacco, potato, sweet potato, radish, cabbage, rape, apple trees, coffee, tomato, melon, citrus, beans, roses, sugar beet, squash, peppers, strawberry, carnation, chrysanthemums, impatiens, eucalyptus, and lettuce. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the plant is cotton or an ornamental plant such as lily, carnation, chrysanthemum, petunia, rose, geranium, orchid, gladioli, daisy, and tulip. Techniques for transforming plants with a gene are known in the art and include, for example, Agrobacterium infection, biolistic methods, etc.

[0044] All patents, patent applications, provisional applications, and publications referred to or cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety, including all figures and tables, to the extent they are not inconsistent with the explicit teachings of this specification.

[0045] Following are examples which illustrate procedures for practicing the invention. These examples should not be construed as limiting. All percentages are by weight and all solvent mixture proportions are by volume unless otherwise noted.

EXAMPLE 1 Results from Transformants Containing pLBS105

[0046] Plants transformed with plasmid pLBS105, which contains a promoter from a cotton chitinase gene fused to beta-glucuionidase reporter gene, were produced by standard Agrobacterium-mediated transformation as described in McCormick et al. (1986). Twelve independent transformation events were obtained. Of these lines, eleven were shown to express the reporter gene in the target tissue, flower abscission zones. The majority of these expressed the reporter gene at high levels. Only a subset of these lines (two) showed absolute specificity in expression, with the others exhibiting weak non-specific expression in other tissues. This result illustrates the difficulty of identifying transcriptional promoters that are completely tissue-specific. However, total tissue specificity is not necessarily required for success of the invention, as weak non-specific expression may not be sufficient to cause negative phenotypic effects in the non-target tissues.

EXAMPLE 2 Results from Transformants Containing pLBS107

[0047] Plants were transformed with plasmid pLBS107 (SEQ ID NO. 9), which contains a promoter from a cotton chitinase gene fused to the ethylene receptor gene etr1-1 and regenerated as above. The etr1-1 gene product, when expressed in plant tissues, results in ethylene insensitivity in those tissues. To date, a total of 39 independent transgenic events have been generated. Of these independent lines, 17 have been evaluated for their ability to retain flowers under stress conditions (Table 2). The stress involved treating intact tomato plants for 48 hours with 10 parts per million ethylene gas in a closed container. The chamber was opened after 16 hours to permit exchange of fresh air, resealed and ethylene again added to a final concentration of 10 ppm. After 48 hours, each plant was assessed for retention of flowers. This treatment normally induces flowers to fall off (abscise) by the end of the treatment. Plants are evaluated on the basis of flower retention with good lines maintaining the flowers. Typically, a normal, non-transgenic plant will drop >95% of its flowers by the end of treatment, indicating that it is an effective stress assay. TABLE 2 Results of flower abscission tests. Line # Plants # abscissions % retention Significant 67 10  6/44 86 * 68 7 23/39 41 * 96 40 122/205 40 * 133 19  69/104 36 * 178 5 20/23 13 181 4 25/26 4 184 4 19/19 0 187 1 2/5 60 * 190 1 7/7 0 194 5 15/23 30 * wild type 12 48/50 4 197 4 21/21 0 198 4 24/27 11 199 3 16/16 0 200 4 22/24 8 202 2 7/7 0 203 4 18/20 10 204 4 21/21 0

[0048] Plants of each independent transgenic line and controls (wild type) were placed in a sealed container. Ethylene gas was injected into the container to a final concentration of 10.0 parts per million. The number of flowers abscissed over the total number of flowers is indicated in Row 3. Note that very young flowers do not typically abscise with this treatment since abscission layer do not form until flowers are nearly mature. Those numbers considered to be substantially improved relative to wild type are indicated by * in the final Row.

[0049] Of the 17 evaluated lines, six showed a high level of flower retention. These ranged from a low of 30% to a high of 86% flower retention. Importantly, all of the lines exhibited a normal pattern of fruit ripening. Since ripening is absolutely dependent upon ethylene action, ripening of the fruits indicates that the lines that retain flowers are not expressing a generalized ethylene insensitivity. Rather, they must have gained a significant degree of ethylene insensitivity in the target tissues. It is noteworthy that even a 30% retention rate under such an extreme stress would be highly desirable from a yield point of view.

[0050] It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and the scope of the appended claims.

References

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[0053] U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,055

[0054] U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,680

[0055] Published U.S. patent application Ser. No. 20010019995

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1 16 1 738 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 1 Met Glu Val Cys Asn Cys Ile Glu Pro Gln Trp Pro Ala Asp Glu Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Met Lys Tyr Gln Tyr Ile Ser Asp Phe Phe Ile Ala Ile Ala Tyr 20 25 30 Phe Ser Ile Pro Leu Glu Leu Ile Tyr Phe Val Lys Lys Ser Ala Val 35 40 45 Phe Pro Tyr Arg Trp Val Leu Val Gln Phe Gly Ala Phe Ile Val Leu 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ala Thr His Leu Ile Asn Leu Trp Thr Phe Thr Thr His Ser 65 70 75 80 Arg Thr Val Ala Leu Val Met Thr Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Thr Ala Val 85 90 95 Val Ser Cys Ala Thr Ala Leu Met Leu Val His Ile Ile Pro Asp Leu 100 105 110 Leu Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Glu Leu Phe Leu Lys Asn Lys Ala Ala Glu 115 120 125 Leu Asp Arg Glu Met Gly Leu Ile Arg Thr Gln Glu Glu Thr Gly Arg 130 135 140 His Val Arg Met Leu Thr His Glu Ile Arg Ser Thr Leu Asp Arg His 145 150 155 160 Thr Ile Leu Lys Thr Thr Leu Val Glu Leu Gly Arg Thr Leu Ala Leu 165 170 175 Glu Glu Cys Ala Leu Trp Met Pro Thr Arg Thr Gly Leu Glu Leu Gln 180 185 190 Leu Ser Tyr Thr Leu Arg His Gln His Pro Val Glu Tyr Thr Val Pro 195 200 205 Ile Gln Leu Pro Val Ile Asn Gln Val Phe Gly Thr Ser Arg Ala Val 210 215 220 Lys Ile Ser Pro Asn Ser Pro Val Ala Arg Leu Arg Pro Val Ser Gly 225 230 235 240 Lys Tyr Met Leu Gly Glu Val Val Ala Val Arg Val Pro Leu Leu His 245 250 255 Leu Ser Asn Phe Gln Ile Asn Asp Trp Pro Glu Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg 260 265 270 Tyr Ala Leu Met Val Leu Met Leu Pro Ser Asp Ser Ala Arg Gln Trp 275 280 285 His Val His Glu Leu Glu Leu Val Glu Val Val Ala Asp Gln Val Ala 290 295 300 Val Ala Leu Ser His Ala Ala Ile Leu Glu Glu Ser Met Arg Ala Arg 305 310 315 320 Asp Leu Leu Met Glu Gln Asn Val Ala Leu Asp Leu Ala Arg Arg Glu 325 330 335 Ala Glu Thr Ala Ile Arg Ala Arg Asn Asp Phe Leu Ala Val Met Asn 340 345 350 His Glu Met Arg Thr Pro Met His Ala Ile Ile Ala Leu Ser Ser Leu 355 360 365 Leu Gln Glu Thr Glu Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Arg Leu Met Val Glu Thr 370 375 380 Ile Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Leu Leu Ala Thr Leu Met Asn Asp Val Leu 385 390 395 400 Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Ser Leu Gln Leu Glu Leu Gly Thr 405 410 415 Phe Asn Leu His Thr Leu Phe Arg Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ile Lys Pro 420 425 430 Ile Ala Val Val Lys Lys Leu Pro Ile Thr Leu Asn Leu Ala Pro Asp 435 440 445 Leu Pro Glu Phe Val Val Gly Asp Glu Lys Arg Leu Met Gln Ile Ile 450 455 460 Leu Asn Ile Val Gly Asn Ala Val Lys Phe Ser Lys Gln Gly Ser Ile 465 470 475 480 Ser Val Thr Ala Leu Val Thr Lys Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala Ala Asp Phe 485 490 495 Phe Val Val Pro Thr Gly Ser His Phe Tyr Leu Arg Val Lys Val Lys 500 505 510 Asp Ser Gly Ala Gly Ile Asn Pro Gln Asp Ile Pro Lys Ile Phe Thr 515 520 525 Lys Phe Ala Gln Thr Gln Ser Leu Ala Thr Arg Ser Ser Gly Gly Ser 530 535 540 Gly Leu Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Lys Arg Phe Val Asn Leu Met Glu Gly 545 550 555 560 Asn Ile Trp Ile Glu Ser Asp Gly Leu Gly Lys Gly Cys Thr Ala Ile 565 570 575 Phe Asp Val Lys Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Arg Ser Asn Glu Ser Lys Gln 580 585 590 Ser Gly Ile Pro Lys Val Pro Ala Ile Pro Arg His Ser Asn Phe Thr 595 600 605 Gly Leu Lys Val Leu Val Met Asp Glu Asn Gly Val Ser Arg Met Val 610 615 620 Thr Lys Gly Leu Leu Val His Leu Gly Cys Glu Val Thr Thr Val Ser 625 630 635 640 Ser Asn Glu Glu Cys Leu Arg Val Val Ser His Glu His Lys Val Val 645 650 655 Phe Met Asp Val Cys Met Pro Gly Val Glu Asn Tyr Gln Ile Ala Leu 660 665 670 Arg Ile His Glu Lys Phe Thr Lys Gln Arg His Gln Arg Pro Leu Leu 675 680 685 Val Ala Leu Ser Gly Asn Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Lys Glu Lys Cys Met 690 695 700 Ser Phe Gly Leu Asp Gly Val Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Ser Leu Asp Asn 705 710 715 720 Ile Arg Asp Val Leu Ser Asp Leu Leu Glu Pro Arg Val Leu Tyr Glu 725 730 735 Gly Met 2 738 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 2 Met Glu Val Cys Asn Cys Ile Glu Pro Gln Trp Pro Ala Asp Glu Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Met Lys Tyr Gln Tyr Ile Ser Asp Phe Phe Ile Ala Ile Ala Tyr 20 25 30 Phe Ser Ile Pro Leu Glu Leu Ile Tyr Phe Val Lys Lys Ser Ala Val 35 40 45 Phe Pro Tyr Arg Trp Val Leu Val Gln Phe Gly Ala Phe Ile Val Leu 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ala Thr His Leu Ile Asn Leu Trp Thr Phe Thr Thr His Ser 65 70 75 80 Arg Thr Val Ala Leu Val Met Thr Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Thr Ala Val 85 90 95 Val Ser Cys Ala Thr Thr Leu Met Leu Val His Ile Ile Pro Asp Leu 100 105 110 Leu Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Glu Leu Phe Leu Lys Asn Lys Ala Ala Glu 115 120 125 Leu Asp Arg Glu Met Gly Leu Ile Arg Thr Gln Glu Glu Thr Gly Arg 130 135 140 His Val Arg Met Leu Thr His Glu Ile Arg Ser Thr Leu Asp Arg His 145 150 155 160 Thr Ile Leu Lys Thr Thr Leu Val Glu Leu Gly Arg Thr Leu Ala Leu 165 170 175 Glu Glu Cys Ala Leu Trp Met Pro Thr Arg Thr Gly Leu Glu Leu Gln 180 185 190 Leu Ser Tyr Thr Leu Arg His Gln His Pro Val Glu Tyr Thr Val Pro 195 200 205 Ile Gln Leu Pro Val Ile Asn Gln Val Phe Gly Thr Ser Arg Ala Val 210 215 220 Lys Ile Ser Pro Asn Ser Pro Val Ala Arg Leu Arg Pro Val Ser Gly 225 230 235 240 Lys Tyr Met Leu Gly Glu Val Val Ala Val Arg Val Pro Leu Leu His 245 250 255 Leu Ser Asn Phe Gln Ile Asn Asp Trp Pro Glu Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg 260 265 270 Tyr Ala Leu Met Val Leu Met Leu Pro Ser Asp Ser Ala Arg Gln Trp 275 280 285 His Val His Glu Leu Glu Leu Val Glu Val Val Ala Asp Gln Val Ala 290 295 300 Val Ala Leu Ser His Ala Ala Ile Leu Glu Glu Ser Met Arg Ala Arg 305 310 315 320 Asp Leu Leu Met Glu Gln Asn Val Ala Leu Asp Leu Ala Arg Arg Glu 325 330 335 Ala Glu Thr Ala Ile Arg Ala Arg Asn Asp Phe Leu Ala Val Met Asn 340 345 350 His Glu Met Arg Thr Pro Met His Ala Ile Ile Ala Leu Ser Ser Leu 355 360 365 Leu Gln Glu Thr Glu Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Arg Leu Met Val Glu Thr 370 375 380 Ile Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Leu Leu Ala Thr Leu Met Asn Asp Val Leu 385 390 395 400 Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Ser Leu Gln Leu Glu Leu Gly Thr 405 410 415 Phe Asn Leu His Thr Leu Phe Arg Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ile Lys Pro 420 425 430 Ile Ala Val Val Lys Lys Leu Pro Ile Thr Leu Asn Leu Ala Pro Asp 435 440 445 Leu Pro Glu Phe Val Val Gly Asp Glu Lys Arg Leu Met Gln Ile Ile 450 455 460 Leu Asn Ile Val Gly Asn Ala Val Lys Phe Ser Lys Gln Gly Ser Ile 465 470 475 480 Ser Val Thr Ala Leu Val Thr Lys Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala Ala Asp Phe 485 490 495 Phe Val Val Pro Thr Gly Ser His Phe Tyr Leu Arg Val Lys Val Lys 500 505 510 Asp Ser Gly Ala Gly Ile Asn Pro Gln Asp Ile Pro Lys Ile Phe Thr 515 520 525 Lys Phe Ala Gln Thr Gln Ser Leu Ala Thr Arg Ser Ser Gly Gly Ser 530 535 540 Gly Leu Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Lys Arg Phe Val Asn Leu Met Glu Gly 545 550 555 560 Asn Ile Trp Ile Glu Ser Asp Gly Leu Gly Lys Gly Cys Thr Ala Ile 565 570 575 Phe Asp Val Lys Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Arg Ser Asn Glu Ser Lys Gln 580 585 590 Ser Gly Ile Pro Lys Val Pro Ala Ile Pro Arg His Ser Asn Phe Thr 595 600 605 Gly Leu Lys Val Leu Val Met Asp Glu Asn Gly Val Ser Arg Met Val 610 615 620 Thr Lys Gly Leu Leu Val His Leu Gly Cys Glu Val Thr Thr Val Ser 625 630 635 640 Ser Asn Glu Glu Cys Leu Arg Val Val Ser His Glu His Lys Val Val 645 650 655 Phe Met Asp Val Cys Met Pro Gly Val Glu Asn Tyr Gln Ile Ala Leu 660 665 670 Arg Ile His Glu Lys Phe Thr Lys Gln Arg His Gln Arg Pro Leu Leu 675 680 685 Val Ala Leu Ser Gly Asn Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Lys Glu Lys Cys Met 690 695 700 Ser Phe Gly Leu Asp Gly Val Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Ser Leu Asp Asn 705 710 715 720 Ile Arg Asp Val Leu Ser Asp Leu Leu Glu Pro Arg Val Leu Tyr Glu 725 730 735 Gly Met 3 738 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 3 Met Glu Val Cys Asn Cys Ile Glu Pro Gln Trp Pro Ala Asp Glu Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Met Lys Tyr Gln Tyr Ile Ser Asp Phe Phe Ile Ala Ile Val Tyr 20 25 30 Phe Ser Ile Pro Leu Glu Leu Ile Tyr Phe Val Lys Lys Ser Ala Val 35 40 45 Phe Pro Tyr Arg Trp Val Leu Val Gln Phe Gly Ala Phe Ile Val Leu 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ala Thr His Leu Ile Asn Leu Trp Thr Phe Thr Thr His Ser 65 70 75 80 Arg Thr Val Ala Leu Val Met Thr Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Thr Ala Val 85 90 95 Val Ser Cys Ala Thr Ala Leu Met Leu Val His Ile Ile Pro Asp Leu 100 105 110 Leu Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Glu Leu Phe Leu Lys Asn Lys Ala Ala Glu 115 120 125 Leu Asp Arg Glu Met Gly Leu Ile Arg Thr Gln Glu Glu Thr Gly Arg 130 135 140 His Val Arg Met Leu Thr His Glu Ile Arg Ser Thr Leu Asp Arg His 145 150 155 160 Thr Ile Leu Lys Thr Thr Leu Val Glu Leu Gly Arg Thr Leu Ala Leu 165 170 175 Glu Glu Cys Ala Leu Trp Met Pro Thr Arg Thr Gly Leu Glu Leu Gln 180 185 190 Leu Ser Tyr Thr Leu Arg His Gln His Pro Val Glu Tyr Thr Val Pro 195 200 205 Ile Gln Leu Pro Val Ile Asn Gln Val Phe Gly Thr Ser Arg Ala Val 210 215 220 Lys Ile Ser Pro Asn Ser Pro Val Ala Arg Leu Arg Pro Val Ser Gly 225 230 235 240 Lys Tyr Met Leu Gly Glu Val Val Ala Val Arg Val Pro Leu Leu His 245 250 255 Leu Ser Asn Phe Gln Ile Asn Asp Trp Pro Glu Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg 260 265 270 Tyr Ala Leu Met Val Leu Met Leu Pro Ser Asp Ser Ala Arg Gln Trp 275 280 285 His Val His Glu Leu Glu Leu Val Glu Val Val Ala Asp Gln Val Ala 290 295 300 Val Ala Leu Ser His Ala Ala Ile Leu Glu Glu Ser Met Arg Ala Arg 305 310 315 320 Asp Leu Leu Met Glu Gln Asn Val Ala Leu Asp Leu Ala Arg Arg Glu 325 330 335 Ala Glu Thr Ala Ile Arg Ala Arg Asn Asp Phe Leu Ala Val Met Asn 340 345 350 His Glu Met Arg Thr Pro Met His Ala Ile Ile Ala Leu Ser Ser Leu 355 360 365 Leu Gln Glu Thr Glu Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Arg Leu Met Val Glu Thr 370 375 380 Ile Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Leu Leu Ala Thr Leu Met Asn Asp Val Leu 385 390 395 400 Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Ser Leu Gln Leu Glu Leu Gly Thr 405 410 415 Phe Asn Leu His Thr Leu Phe Arg Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ile Lys Pro 420 425 430 Ile Ala Val Val Lys Lys Leu Pro Ile Thr Leu Asn Leu Ala Pro Asp 435 440 445 Leu Pro Glu Phe Val Val Gly Asp Glu Lys Arg Leu Met Gln Ile Ile 450 455 460 Leu Asn Ile Val Gly Asn Ala Val Lys Phe Ser Lys Gln Gly Ser Ile 465 470 475 480 Ser Val Thr Ala Leu Val Thr Lys Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala Ala Asp Phe 485 490 495 Phe Val Val Pro Thr Gly Ser His Phe Tyr Leu Arg Val Lys Val Lys 500 505 510 Asp Ser Gly Ala Gly Ile Asn Pro Gln Asp Ile Pro Lys Ile Phe Thr 515 520 525 Lys Phe Ala Gln Thr Gln Ser Leu Ala Thr Arg Ser Ser Gly Gly Ser 530 535 540 Gly Leu Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Lys Arg Phe Val Asn Leu Met Glu Gly 545 550 555 560 Asn Ile Trp Ile Glu Ser Asp Gly Leu Gly Lys Gly Cys Thr Ala Ile 565 570 575 Phe Asp Val Lys Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Arg Ser Asn Glu Ser Lys Gln 580 585 590 Ser Gly Ile Pro Lys Val Pro Ala Ile Pro Arg His Ser Asn Phe Thr 595 600 605 Gly Leu Lys Val Leu Val Met Asp Glu Asn Gly Val Ser Arg Met Val 610 615 620 Thr Lys Gly Leu Leu Val His Leu Gly Cys Glu Val Thr Thr Val Ser 625 630 635 640 Ser Asn Glu Glu Cys Leu Arg Val Val Ser His Glu His Lys Val Val 645 650 655 Phe Met Asp Val Cys Met Pro Gly Val Glu Asn Tyr Gln Ile Ala Leu 660 665 670 Arg Ile His Glu Lys Phe Thr Lys Gln Arg His Gln Arg Pro Leu Leu 675 680 685 Val Ala Leu Ser Gly Asn Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Lys Glu Lys Cys Met 690 695 700 Ser Phe Gly Leu Asp Gly Val Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Ser Leu Asp Asn 705 710 715 720 Ile Arg Asp Val Leu Ser Asp Leu Leu Glu Pro Arg Val Leu Tyr Glu 725 730 735 Gly Met 4 738 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 4 Met Glu Val Cys Asn Cys Ile Glu Pro Gln Trp Pro Ala Asp Glu Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Met Lys Tyr Gln Tyr Ile Ser Asp Phe Phe Ile Ala Ile Ala Tyr 20 25 30 Phe Ser Ile Pro Leu Glu Leu Ile Tyr Phe Val Lys Lys Ser Ala Val 35 40 45 Phe Pro Tyr Arg Trp Val Leu Val Gln Phe Gly Ala Phe Phe Val Leu 50 55 60 Tyr Gly Ala Thr His Leu Ile Asn Leu Trp Thr Phe Thr Thr His Ser 65 70 75 80 Arg Thr Val Ala Leu Val Met Thr Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Thr Ala Val 85 90 95 Val Ser Cys Ala Thr Ala Leu Met Leu Val His Ile Ile Pro Asp Leu 100 105 110 Leu Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Glu Leu Phe Leu Lys Asn Lys Ala Ala Glu 115 120 125 Leu Asp Arg Glu Met Gly Leu Ile Arg Thr Gln Glu Glu Thr Gly Arg 130 135 140 His Val Arg Met Leu Thr His Glu Ile Arg Ser Thr Leu Asp Arg His 145 150 155 160 Thr Ile Leu Lys Thr Thr Leu Val Glu Leu Gly Arg Thr Leu Ala Leu 165 170 175 Glu Glu Cys Ala Leu Trp Met Pro Thr Arg Thr Gly Leu Glu Leu Gln 180 185 190 Leu Ser Tyr Thr Leu Arg His Gln His Pro Val Glu Tyr Thr Val Pro 195 200 205 Ile Gln Leu Pro Val Ile Asn Gln Val Phe Gly Thr Ser Arg Ala Val 210 215 220 Lys Ile Ser Pro Asn Ser Pro Val Ala Arg Leu Arg Pro Val Ser Gly 225 230 235 240 Lys Tyr Met Leu Gly Glu Val Val Ala Val Arg Val Pro Leu Leu His 245 250 255 Leu Ser Asn Phe Gln Ile Asn Asp Trp Pro Glu Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg 260 265 270 Tyr Ala Leu Met Val Leu Met Leu Pro Ser Asp Ser Ala Arg Gln Trp 275 280 285 His Val His Glu Leu Glu Leu Val Glu Val Val Ala Asp Gln Val Ala 290 295 300 Val Ala Leu Ser His Ala Ala Ile Leu Glu Glu Ser Met Arg Ala Arg 305 310 315 320 Asp Leu Leu Met Glu Gln Asn Val Ala Leu Asp Leu Ala Arg Arg Glu 325 330 335 Ala Glu Thr Ala Ile Arg Ala Arg Asn Asp Phe Leu Ala Val Met Asn 340 345 350 His Glu Met Arg Thr Pro Met His Ala Ile Ile Ala Leu Ser Ser Leu 355 360 365 Leu Gln Glu Thr Glu Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Arg Leu Met Val Glu Thr 370 375 380 Ile Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Leu Leu Ala Thr Leu Met Asn Asp Val Leu 385 390 395 400 Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Ser Leu Gln Leu Glu Leu Gly Thr 405 410 415 Phe Asn Leu His Thr Leu Phe Arg Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ile Lys Pro 420 425 430 Ile Ala Val Val Lys Lys Leu Pro Ile Thr Leu Asn Leu Ala Pro Asp 435 440 445 Leu Pro Glu Phe Val Val Gly Asp Glu Lys Arg Leu Met Gln Ile Ile 450 455 460 Leu Asn Ile Val Gly Asn Ala Val Lys Phe Ser Lys Gln Gly Ser Ile 465 470 475 480 Ser Val Thr Ala Leu Val Thr Lys Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala Ala Asp Phe 485 490 495 Phe Val Val Pro Thr Gly Ser His Phe Tyr Leu Arg Val Lys Val Lys 500 505 510 Asp Ser Gly Ala Gly Ile Asn Pro Gln Asp Ile Pro Lys Ile Phe Thr 515 520 525 Lys Phe Ala Gln Thr Gln Ser Leu Ala Thr Arg Ser Ser Gly Gly Ser 530 535 540 Gly Leu Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Lys Arg Phe Val Asn Leu Met Glu Gly 545 550 555 560 Asn Ile Trp Ile Glu Ser Asp Gly Leu Gly Lys Gly Cys Thr Ala Ile 565 570 575 Phe Asp Val Lys Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Arg Ser Asn Glu Ser Lys Gln 580 585 590 Ser Gly Ile Pro Lys Val Pro Ala Ile Pro Arg His Ser Asn Phe Thr 595 600 605 Gly Leu Lys Val Leu Val Met Asp Glu Asn Gly Val Ser Arg Met Val 610 615 620 Thr Lys Gly Leu Leu Val His Leu Gly Cys Glu Val Thr Thr Val Ser 625 630 635 640 Ser Asn Glu Glu Cys Leu Arg Val Val Ser His Glu His Lys Val Val 645 650 655 Phe Met Asp Val Cys Met Pro Gly Val Glu Asn Tyr Gln Ile Ala Leu 660 665 670 Arg Ile His Glu Lys Phe Thr Lys Gln Arg His Gln Arg Pro Leu Leu 675 680 685 Val Ala Leu Ser Gly Asn Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Lys Glu Lys Cys Met 690 695 700 Ser Phe Gly Leu Asp Gly Val Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Ser Leu Asp Asn 705 710 715 720 Ile Arg Asp Val Leu Ser Asp Leu Leu Glu Pro Arg Val Leu Tyr Glu 725 730 735 Gly Met 5 2214 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana CDS (1)..(2214) 5 atg gaa gtc tgc aat tgt att gaa ccg caa tgg cca gcg gat gaa ttg 48 Met Glu Val Cys Asn Cys Ile Glu Pro Gln Trp Pro Ala Asp Glu Leu 1 5 10 15 tta atg aaa tac caa tac atc tcc gat ttc ttc att gcg att gcg tat 96 Leu Met Lys Tyr Gln Tyr Ile Ser Asp Phe Phe Ile Ala Ile Ala Tyr 20 25 30 ttt tcg att cct ctt gag ttg att tac ttt gtg aag aaa tca gcc gtg 144 Phe Ser Ile Pro Leu Glu Leu Ile Tyr Phe Val Lys Lys Ser Ala Val 35 40 45 ttt ccg tat aga tgg gta ctt gtt cag ttt ggt gct ttt atc gtt ctt 192 Phe Pro Tyr Arg Trp Val Leu Val Gln Phe Gly Ala Phe Ile Val Leu 50 55 60 tat gga gca act cat ctt att aac tta tgg act ttc act acg cat tcg 240 Tyr Gly Ala Thr His Leu Ile Asn Leu Trp Thr Phe Thr Thr His Ser 65 70 75 80 aga acc gtg gcg ctt gtg atg act acc gcg aag gtg tta acc gct gtt 288 Arg Thr Val Ala Leu Val Met Thr Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Thr Ala Val 85 90 95 gtc tcg tgt gct act gcg ttg atg ctt gtt cat att att cct gat ctt 336 Val Ser Cys Ala Thr Ala Leu Met Leu Val His Ile Ile Pro Asp Leu 100 105 110 ttg agt gtt aag act cgg gag ctt ttc ttg aaa aat aaa gct gct gag 384 Leu Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Glu Leu Phe Leu Lys Asn Lys Ala Ala Glu 115 120 125 ctc gat aga gaa atg gga ttg att cga act cag gaa gaa acc gga agg 432 Leu Asp Arg Glu Met Gly Leu Ile Arg Thr Gln Glu Glu Thr Gly Arg 130 135 140 cat gtg aga atg ttg act cat gag att aga agc act tta gat aga cat 480 His Val Arg Met Leu Thr His Glu Ile Arg Ser Thr Leu Asp Arg His 145 150 155 160 act att tta aag act aca ctt gtt gag ctt ggt agg aca tta gct ttg 528 Thr Ile Leu Lys Thr Thr Leu Val Glu Leu Gly Arg Thr Leu Ala Leu 165 170 175 gag gag tgt gca ttg tgg atg cct act aga act ggg tta gag cta cag 576 Glu Glu Cys Ala Leu Trp Met Pro Thr Arg Thr Gly Leu Glu Leu Gln 180 185 190 ctt tct tat aca ctt cgt cat caa cat ccc gtg gag tat acg gtt cct 624 Leu Ser Tyr Thr Leu Arg His Gln His Pro Val Glu Tyr Thr Val Pro 195 200 205 att caa tta ccg gtg att aac caa gtg ttt ggt act agt agg gct gta 672 Ile Gln Leu Pro Val Ile Asn Gln Val Phe Gly Thr Ser Arg Ala Val 210 215 220 aaa ata tct cct aat tct cct gtg gct agg ttg aga cct gtt tct ggg 720 Lys Ile Ser Pro Asn Ser Pro Val Ala Arg Leu Arg Pro Val Ser Gly 225 230 235 240 aaa tat atg cta ggg gag gtg gtc gct gtg agg gtt ccg ctt ctc cac 768 Lys Tyr Met Leu Gly Glu Val Val Ala Val Arg Val Pro Leu Leu His 245 250 255 ctt tct aat ttt cag att aat gac tgg cct gag ctt tca aca aag aga 816 Leu Ser Asn Phe Gln Ile Asn Asp Trp Pro Glu Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg 260 265 270 tat gct ttg atg gtt ttg atg ctt cct tca gat agt gca agg caa tgg 864 Tyr Ala Leu Met Val Leu Met Leu Pro Ser Asp Ser Ala Arg Gln Trp 275 280 285 cat gtc cat gag ttg gaa ctc gtt gaa gtc gtc gct gat cag gtg gct 912 His Val His Glu Leu Glu Leu Val Glu Val Val Ala Asp Gln Val Ala 290 295 300 gta gct ctc tca cat gct gcg atc cta gaa gag tcg atg cga gct agg 960 Val Ala Leu Ser His Ala Ala Ile Leu Glu Glu Ser Met Arg Ala Arg 305 310 315 320 gac ctt ctc atg gag cag aat gtt gct ctt gat cta gct aga cga gaa 1008 Asp Leu Leu Met Glu Gln Asn Val Ala Leu Asp Leu Ala Arg Arg Glu 325 330 335 gca gaa aca gca atc cgt gcc cgc aat gat ttc cta gcg gtt atg aac 1056 Ala Glu Thr Ala Ile Arg Ala Arg Asn Asp Phe Leu Ala Val Met Asn 340 345 350 cat gaa atg cga aca ccg atg cat gcg att att gca ctc tct tcc tta 1104 His Glu Met Arg Thr Pro Met His Ala Ile Ile Ala Leu Ser Ser Leu 355 360 365 ctc caa gaa acg gaa cta acc cct gaa caa aga ctg atg gtg gaa aca 1152 Leu Gln Glu Thr Glu Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Arg Leu Met Val Glu Thr 370 375 380 ata ctt aaa agt agt aac ctt ttg gca act ttg atg aat gat gtc tta 1200 Ile Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Leu Leu Ala Thr Leu Met Asn Asp Val Leu 385 390 395 400 gat ctt tca agg tta gaa gat gga agt ctt caa ctt gaa ctt ggg aca 1248 Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Ser Leu Gln Leu Glu Leu Gly Thr 405 410 415 ttc aat ctt cat aca tta ttt aga gag gtc ctc aat ctg ata aag cct 1296 Phe Asn Leu His Thr Leu Phe Arg Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ile Lys Pro 420 425 430 ata gcg gtt gtt aag aaa tta ccc atc aca cta aat ctt gca cca gat 1344 Ile Ala Val Val Lys Lys Leu Pro Ile Thr Leu Asn Leu Ala Pro Asp 435 440 445 ttg cca gaa ttt gtt gtt ggg gat gag aaa cgg cta atg cag ata ata 1392 Leu Pro Glu Phe Val Val Gly Asp Glu Lys Arg Leu Met Gln Ile Ile 450 455 460 tta aat ata gtt ggt aat gct gtg aaa ttc tcc aaa caa ggt agt atc 1440 Leu Asn Ile Val Gly Asn Ala Val Lys Phe Ser Lys Gln Gly Ser Ile 465 470 475 480 tcc gta acc gct ctt gtc acc aag tca gac aca cga gct gct gac ttt 1488 Ser Val Thr Ala Leu Val Thr Lys Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala Ala Asp Phe 485 490 495 ttt gtc gtg cca act ggg agt cat ttc tac ttg aga gtg aag gta aaa 1536 Phe Val Val Pro Thr Gly Ser His Phe Tyr Leu Arg Val Lys Val Lys 500 505 510 gac tct gga gca gga ata aat cct caa gac att cca aag att ttc act 1584 Asp Ser Gly Ala Gly Ile Asn Pro Gln Asp Ile Pro Lys Ile Phe Thr 515 520 525 aaa ttt gct caa aca caa tct tta gcg acg aga agc tcg ggt ggt agt 1632 Lys Phe Ala Gln Thr Gln Ser Leu Ala Thr Arg Ser Ser Gly Gly Ser 530 535 540 ggg ctt ggc ctc gcc atc tcc aag agg ttt gtg aat ctg atg gag ggt 1680 Gly Leu Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Lys Arg Phe Val Asn Leu Met Glu Gly 545 550 555 560 aac att tgg att gag agc gat ggt ctt gga aaa gga tgc acg gct atc 1728 Asn Ile Trp Ile Glu Ser Asp Gly Leu Gly Lys Gly Cys Thr Ala Ile 565 570 575 ttt gat gtt aaa ctt ggg atc tca gaa cgt tca aac gaa tct aaa cag 1776 Phe Asp Val Lys Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Arg Ser Asn Glu Ser Lys Gln 580 585 590 tcg ggc ata ccg aaa gtt cca gcc att ccc cga cat tca aat ttc act 1824 Ser Gly Ile Pro Lys Val Pro Ala Ile Pro Arg His Ser Asn Phe Thr 595 600 605 gga ctt aag gtt ctt gtc atg gat gag aac ggg gta agt aga atg gtg 1872 Gly Leu Lys Val Leu Val Met Asp Glu Asn Gly Val Ser Arg Met Val 610 615 620 acg aag gga ctt ctt gta cac ctt ggg tgc gaa gtg acc acg gtg agt 1920 Thr Lys Gly Leu Leu Val His Leu Gly Cys Glu Val Thr Thr Val Ser 625 630 635 640 tca aac gag gag tgt ctc cga gtt gtg tcc cat gag cac aaa gtg gtc 1968 Ser Asn Glu Glu Cys Leu Arg Val Val Ser His Glu His Lys Val Val 645 650 655 ttc atg gac gtg tgc atg ccc ggg gtc gaa aac tac caa atc gct ctc 2016 Phe Met Asp Val Cys Met Pro Gly Val Glu Asn Tyr Gln Ile Ala Leu 660 665 670 cgt att cac gag aaa ttc aca aaa caa cgc cac caa cgg cca cta ctt 2064 Arg Ile His Glu Lys Phe Thr Lys Gln Arg His Gln Arg Pro Leu Leu 675 680 685 gtg gca ctc agt ggt aac act gac aaa tcc aca aaa gag aaa tgc atg 2112 Val Ala Leu Ser Gly Asn Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Lys Glu Lys Cys Met 690 695 700 agc ttt ggt cta gac ggt gtg ttg ctc aaa ccc gta tca cta gac aac 2160 Ser Phe Gly Leu Asp Gly Val Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Ser Leu Asp Asn 705 710 715 720 ata aga gat gtt ctg tct gat ctt ctc gag ccc cgg gta ctg tac gag 2208 Ile Arg Asp Val Leu Ser Asp Leu Leu Glu Pro Arg Val Leu Tyr Glu 725 730 735 ggc atg 2214 6 773 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 6 Met Val Lys Glu Ile Ala Ser Trp Leu Leu Ile Leu Ser Met Val Val 1 5 10 15 Phe Val Ser Pro Val Leu Ala Ile Asn Gly Gly Gly Tyr Pro Arg Cys 20 25 30 Asn Cys Glu Asp Glu Gly Asn Ser Phe Trp Ser Thr Glu Asn Ile Leu 35 40 45 Glu Thr Gln Arg Val Ser Asp Phe Leu Ile Ala Val Ala Tyr Phe Ser 50 55 60 Ile Pro Ile Glu Leu Leu Tyr Phe Val Ser Cys Ser Asn Val Pro Phe 65 70 75 80 Lys Trp Val Leu Phe Glu Phe Ile Ala Phe Ile Val Leu Cys Gly Met 85 90 95 Thr His Leu Leu His Gly Trp Thr Tyr Ser Ala His Pro Phe Arg Leu 100 105 110 Met Met Ala Phe Thr Val Phe Lys Met Leu Thr Ala Leu Val Ser Cys 115 120 125 Ala Thr Ala Ile Thr Leu Ile Thr Leu Ile Pro Leu Leu Leu Lys Val 130 135 140 Lys Val Arg Glu Phe Met Leu Lys Lys Lys Ala His Glu Leu Gly Arg 145 150 155 160 Glu Val Gly Leu Ile Leu Ile Lys Lys Glu Thr Gly Phe His Val Arg 165 170 175 Met Leu Thr Gln Glu Ile Arg Lys Ser Leu Asp Arg His Thr Ile Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Thr Thr Leu Val Glu Leu Ser Lys Thr Leu Gly Leu Gln Asn Cys 195 200 205 Ala Val Trp Met Pro Asn Asp Gly Gly Thr Glu Met Asp Leu Thr His 210 215 220 Glu Leu Arg Gly Arg Gly Gly Tyr Gly Gly Cys Ser Val Ser Met Glu 225 230 235 240 Asp Leu Asp Val Val Arg Ile Arg Glu Ser Asp Glu Val Asn Val Leu 245 250 255 Ser Val Asp Ser Ser Ile Ala Arg Ala Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Asp Val 260 265 270 Ser Glu Ile Gly Ala Val Ala Ala Ile Arg Met Pro Met Leu Arg Val 275 280 285 Ser Asp Phe Asn Gly Glu Leu Ser Tyr Ala Ile Leu Val Cys Val Leu 290 295 300 Pro Gly Gly Thr Pro Arg Asp Trp Thr Tyr Gln Glu Ile Glu Ile Val 305 310 315 320 Lys Val Val Ala Asp Gln Val Thr Val Ala Leu Asp His Ala Ala Val 325 330 335 Leu Glu Glu Ser Gln Leu Met Arg Glu Lys Leu Ala Glu Gln Asn Arg 340 345 350 Ala Leu Gln Met Ala Lys Arg Asp Ala Leu Arg Ala Ser Gln Ala Arg 355 360 365 Asn Ala Phe Gln Lys Thr Met Ser Glu Gly Met Arg Arg Pro Met His 370 375 380 Ser Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu Ser Met Ile Gln Asp Glu Lys Leu Ser Asp 385 390 395 400 Glu Gln Lys Met Ile Val Asp Thr Met Val Lys Thr Gly Asn Val Met 405 410 415 Ser Asn Leu Val Gly Asp Ser Met Asp Val Pro Asp Gly Arg Phe Gly 420 425 430 Thr Glu Met Lys Pro Phe Ser Leu His Arg Thr Ile His Glu Ala Ala 435 440 445 Cys Met Ala Arg Cys Leu Cys Leu Cys Asn Gly Ile Arg Phe Leu Val 450 455 460 Asp Ala Glu Lys Ser Leu Pro Asp Asn Val Val Gly Asp Glu Arg Arg 465 470 475 480 Val Phe Gln Val Ile Leu His Ile Val Gly Ser Leu Val Lys Pro Arg 485 490 495 Lys Arg Gln Glu Gly Ser Ser Leu Met Phe Lys Val Leu Lys Glu Arg 500 505 510 Gly Ser Leu Asp Arg Ser Asp His Arg Trp Ala Ala Trp Arg Ser Pro 515 520 525 Ala Ser Ser Ala Asp Gly Asp Val Tyr Ile Arg Phe Glu Met Asn Val 530 535 540 Glu Asn Asp Asp Ser Ser Ser Gln Ser Phe Ala Ser Val Ser Ser Arg 545 550 555 560 Asp Gln Glu Val Gly Asp Val Arg Phe Ser Gly Gly Tyr Gly Leu Gly 565 570 575 Gln Asp Leu Ser Phe Gly Val Cys Lys Lys Val Val Gln Leu Ile His 580 585 590 Gly Asn Ile Ser Val Val Pro Gly Ser Asp Gly Ser Pro Glu Thr Met 595 600 605 Ser Leu Leu Leu Arg Phe Arg Arg Arg Pro Ser Ile Ser Val His Gly 610 615 620 Ser Ser Glu Ser Pro Ala Pro Asp His His Ala His Pro His Ser Asn 625 630 635 640 Ser Leu Leu Arg Gly Leu Gln Val Leu Leu Val Asp Thr Asn Asp Ser 645 650 655 Asn Arg Ala Val Thr Arg Lys Leu Leu Glu Lys Leu Gly Cys Asp Val 660 665 670 Thr Ala Val Ser Ser Gly Phe Asp Cys Leu Thr Ala Ile Ala Pro Gly 675 680 685 Ser Ser Ser Pro Ser Thr Ser Phe Gln Val Val Val Leu Asp Leu Gln 690 695 700 Met Ala Glu Met Asp Gly Tyr Glu Val Ala Met Arg Ile Arg Ser Arg 705 710 715 720 Ser Trp Pro Leu Ile Val Ala Thr Thr Val Ser Leu Asp Glu Glu Met 725 730 735 Trp Asp Lys Cys Ala Gln Ile Gly Ile Asn Gly Val Val Arg Lys Pro 740 745 750 Val Val Leu Arg Ala Met Glu Ser Glu Leu Arg Arg Val Leu Leu Gln 755 760 765 Ala Asp Gln Leu Leu 770 7 2893 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana CDS (397)..(2715) 7 atacatacac ttctcttttt atcctccatc ggcggcttat ggcggttttc cggcactaat 60 catctccggc atatataaat aaacgtactt cacgtttttt tatataactt caaagtagtt 120 tcagatttgt ctctatctct tcacttttaa gtcttctggt tttgtcatca ccagcttttt 180 ttgttctgtc tctgtctttc tctttgtgta tttttattct cgtcatcgtt gttcttctat 240 gagaggaaga tcggaatgtc gaagagaatt agaagattct cgtacatcac ttcgttggaa 300 tttcacaggt cgatgagaga tctgagaact gtttcatttt gatccaaact catctctttc 360 agagtataat ggactaagca ttttttttct ccgaag atg gtt aaa gaa ata gct 414 Met Val Lys Glu Ile Ala 1 5 tct tgg tta ttg ata cta tca atg gtg gtg ttt gtt tct ccg gtt tta 462 Ser Trp Leu Leu Ile Leu Ser Met Val Val Phe Val Ser Pro Val Leu 10 15 20 gct ata aac ggc ggt ggt tat cca cga tgt aac tgc gaa gac gaa gga 510 Ala Ile Asn Gly Gly Gly Tyr Pro Arg Cys Asn Cys Glu Asp Glu Gly 25 30 35 aac agt ttc tgg agt aca gag aac att cta gaa act caa aga gta agc 558 Asn Ser Phe Trp Ser Thr Glu Asn Ile Leu Glu Thr Gln Arg Val Ser 40 45 50 gat ttc tta atc gca gta gct tat ttc tca atc cct att gag tta ctt 606 Asp Phe Leu Ile Ala Val Ala Tyr Phe Ser Ile Pro Ile Glu Leu Leu 55 60 65 70 tac ttc gtg agt tgt tcc aat gtt cca ttc aaa tgg gtt ctc ttt gag 654 Tyr Phe Val Ser Cys Ser Asn Val Pro Phe Lys Trp Val Leu Phe Glu 75 80 85 ttt atc gcc ttc att gtt ctt tgt ggt atg act cat ctt ctt cat ggt 702 Phe Ile Ala Phe Ile Val Leu Cys Gly Met Thr His Leu Leu His Gly 90 95 100 tgg act tac tct gct cat cca ttt aga tta atg atg gcg ttt act gtt 750 Trp Thr Tyr Ser Ala His Pro Phe Arg Leu Met Met Ala Phe Thr Val 105 110 115 ttc aag atg ttg act gct tta gtc tct tgt gct act gcg att acg ctt 798 Phe Lys Met Leu Thr Ala Leu Val Ser Cys Ala Thr Ala Ile Thr Leu 120 125 130 att act ttg att cct ctg ctt ttg aaa gtt aaa gtt aga gag ttt atg 846 Ile Thr Leu Ile Pro Leu Leu Leu Lys Val Lys Val Arg Glu Phe Met 135 140 145 150 ctt aag aag aaa gct cat gag ctt ggt cgt gaa gtt ggt ttg att ttg 894 Leu Lys Lys Lys Ala His Glu Leu Gly Arg Glu Val Gly Leu Ile Leu 155 160 165 att aag aaa gag act ggc ttt cat gtt cgt atg ctt act caa gag att 942 Ile Lys Lys Glu Thr Gly Phe His Val Arg Met Leu Thr Gln Glu Ile 170 175 180 cgt aag tct ttg gat cgt cat acg att ctt tat act act ttg gtt gag 990 Arg Lys Ser Leu Asp Arg His Thr Ile Leu Tyr Thr Thr Leu Val Glu 185 190 195 ctt tcg aag act tta ggg ttg cag aat tgt gcg gtt tgg atg ccg aat 1038 Leu Ser Lys Thr Leu Gly Leu Gln Asn Cys Ala Val Trp Met Pro Asn 200 205 210 gac ggt gga acg gag atg gat ttg act cat gag ttg aga ggg aga ggt 1086 Asp Gly Gly Thr Glu Met Asp Leu Thr His Glu Leu Arg Gly Arg Gly 215 220 225 230 ggt tat ggt ggt tgt tct gtt tct atg gag gat ttg gat gtt gtt agg 1134 Gly Tyr Gly Gly Cys Ser Val Ser Met Glu Asp Leu Asp Val Val Arg 235 240 245 att agg gag agt gat gaa gtg aat gtg ttg agt gtt gac tcg tcc att 1182 Ile Arg Glu Ser Asp Glu Val Asn Val Leu Ser Val Asp Ser Ser Ile 250 255 260 gct cga gct agt ggt ggt ggt ggg gat gtt agt gag att ggt gcc gtg 1230 Ala Arg Ala Ser Gly Gly Gly Gly Asp Val Ser Glu Ile Gly Ala Val 265 270 275 gct gct att aga atg ccg atg ctt cgt gtt tcg gat ttt aat gga gag 1278 Ala Ala Ile Arg Met Pro Met Leu Arg Val Ser Asp Phe Asn Gly Glu 280 285 290 cta agt tat gcg ata ctt gtt tgt gtt tta ccg ggc ggg acg cct cgg 1326 Leu Ser Tyr Ala Ile Leu Val Cys Val Leu Pro Gly Gly Thr Pro Arg 295 300 305 310 gat tgg act tat cag gag att gag att gtt aaa gtt gtg gcg gat caa 1374 Asp Trp Thr Tyr Gln Glu Ile Glu Ile Val Lys Val Val Ala Asp Gln 315 320 325 gta acc gtt gcg tta gat cat gca gcg gtt ctt gaa gag tct cag ctt 1422 Val Thr Val Ala Leu Asp His Ala Ala Val Leu Glu Glu Ser Gln Leu 330 335 340 atg agg gag aag ctg gcg gaa cag aac agg gcg ttg cag atg gcg aag 1470 Met Arg Glu Lys Leu Ala Glu Gln Asn Arg Ala Leu Gln Met Ala Lys 345 350 355 aga gac gcg ttg aga gcg agc caa gcg agg aat gcg ttt cag aaa acg 1518 Arg Asp Ala Leu Arg Ala Ser Gln Ala Arg Asn Ala Phe Gln Lys Thr 360 365 370 atg agc gaa ggg atg agg cgt cct atg cat tcg ata ctc ggt ctt ttg 1566 Met Ser Glu Gly Met Arg Arg Pro Met His Ser Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu 375 380 385 390 tcg atg att cag gac gag aag ttg agt gac gag cag aaa atg att gtt 1614 Ser Met Ile Gln Asp Glu Lys Leu Ser Asp Glu Gln Lys Met Ile Val 395 400 405 gat acg atg gtt aaa aca ggg aat gtt atg tcg aat ttg gtg ggg gac 1662 Asp Thr Met Val Lys Thr Gly Asn Val Met Ser Asn Leu Val Gly Asp 410 415 420 tct atg gat gtg cct gac ggt aga ttt ggt acg gag atg aaa cca ttt 1710 Ser Met Asp Val Pro Asp Gly Arg Phe Gly Thr Glu Met Lys Pro Phe 425 430 435 agt ctg cat cgt acg atc cat gaa gca gct tgt atg gcg aga tgt ttg 1758 Ser Leu His Arg Thr Ile His Glu Ala Ala Cys Met Ala Arg Cys Leu 440 445 450 tgt cta tgc aat gga att agg ttc ttg gtt gac gcg gag aag tct cta 1806 Cys Leu Cys Asn Gly Ile Arg Phe Leu Val Asp Ala Glu Lys Ser Leu 455 460 465 470 cct gat aat gta gta ggt gat gaa aga agg gtc ttt caa gtg ata ctt 1854 Pro Asp Asn Val Val Gly Asp Glu Arg Arg Val Phe Gln Val Ile Leu 475 480 485 cat ata gtt ggt agt tta gta aag cct aga aaa cgt caa gaa gga tct 1902 His Ile Val Gly Ser Leu Val Lys Pro Arg Lys Arg Gln Glu Gly Ser 490 495 500 tca ttg atg ttt aag gtt ttg aaa gaa aga gga agc ttg gat agg agt 1950 Ser Leu Met Phe Lys Val Leu Lys Glu Arg Gly Ser Leu Asp Arg Ser 505 510 515 gat cat aga tgg gct gct tgg aga tca ccg gct tct tca gca gat gga 1998 Asp His Arg Trp Ala Ala Trp Arg Ser Pro Ala Ser Ser Ala Asp Gly 520 525 530 gat gtg tat ata aga ttt gaa atg aat gta gag aat gat gat tca agt 2046 Asp Val Tyr Ile Arg Phe Glu Met Asn Val Glu Asn Asp Asp Ser Ser 535 540 545 550 tct caa tca ttt gct tct gtt tcc tcc aga gat caa gaa gtt ggt gat 2094 Ser Gln Ser Phe Ala Ser Val Ser Ser Arg Asp Gln Glu Val Gly Asp 555 560 565 gtt aga ttc tcc ggc ggc tat ggg tta gga caa gat cta agc ttt ggt 2142 Val Arg Phe Ser Gly Gly Tyr Gly Leu Gly Gln Asp Leu Ser Phe Gly 570 575 580 gtt tgt aag aaa gtg gtg cag ttg att cat ggg aat atc tcg gtg gtc 2190 Val Cys Lys Lys Val Val Gln Leu Ile His Gly Asn Ile Ser Val Val 585 590 595 cct ggc tcg gat ggt tca ccg gag acc atg tcg ttg ctc ctt cgg ttt 2238 Pro Gly Ser Asp Gly Ser Pro Glu Thr Met Ser Leu Leu Leu Arg Phe 600 605 610 cga cgt aga ccc tcc ata tct gtc cat gga tcc agc gag tcg cca gct 2286 Arg Arg Arg Pro Ser Ile Ser Val His Gly Ser Ser Glu Ser Pro Ala 615 620 625 630 cct gac cac cac gct cac cca cat tcg aat tct ctg tta cgt ggc tta 2334 Pro Asp His His Ala His Pro His Ser Asn Ser Leu Leu Arg Gly Leu 635 640 645 caa gtt tta ttg gta gac acc aac gat tcg aac cgg gca gtt aca cgt 2382 Gln Val Leu Leu Val Asp Thr Asn Asp Ser Asn Arg Ala Val Thr Arg 650 655 660 aaa ctc tta gag aaa ctc ggg tgc gat gta acc gcg gtt tcc tct gga 2430 Lys Leu Leu Glu Lys Leu Gly Cys Asp Val Thr Ala Val Ser Ser Gly 665 670 675 ttc gat tgc ctt acc gcc att gct ccc ggc tcg tcc tcg cct tct act 2478 Phe Asp Cys Leu Thr Ala Ile Ala Pro Gly Ser Ser Ser Pro Ser Thr 680 685 690 tcg ttt caa gtg gtg gtg ctt gat ctt caa atg gca gag atg gac ggt 2526 Ser Phe Gln Val Val Val Leu Asp Leu Gln Met Ala Glu Met Asp Gly 695 700 705 710 tat gaa gtg gcc atg agg atc agg agt cga tct tgg ccg ttg att gtg 2574 Tyr Glu Val Ala Met Arg Ile Arg Ser Arg Ser Trp Pro Leu Ile Val 715 720 725 gcg acg aca gtg agc ttg gat gaa gaa atg tgg gac aag tgt gca cag 2622 Ala Thr Thr Val Ser Leu Asp Glu Glu Met Trp Asp Lys Cys Ala Gln 730 735 740 att gga atc aat gga gtt gtg aga aag cca gtg gtg tta aga gct atg 2670 Ile Gly Ile Asn Gly Val Val Arg Lys Pro Val Val Leu Arg Ala Met 745 750 755 gag agt gag ctc cga aga gta ttg ttg caa gct gac caa ctt ctc 2715 Glu Ser Glu Leu Arg Arg Val Leu Leu Gln Ala Asp Gln Leu Leu 760 765 770 taagttgtta tctcaacttc tcttctacat tcaaaatttt tacaccatag atttatgtca 2775 aatatatcaa aatgaaattt cgaaattgtt attatatata ccacccatat ctctatgatt 2835 tgtacatcct gttttttttt gttctttttc tcattttgaa ccccacgaaa ttgcattg 2893 8 1622 DNA Gossypium sp. 8 agcttgcggc cgctatttag ggccttttta gatagatgat gcgtttatct acaattagta 60 taaaattagc tttggtggtg aaattaacca ttatagcgtg aaacaaaaag aaaagtaaat 120 atcactggag gtaaacaaaa agaaaggtaa agaaaggctc ctaatcagat gaaaatttct 180 ctcaaacttt tagcactctt ttggaacgta aacagtgaag tgaactagag atgttaaaag 240 aggaagataa atggttaaat atacaaaatg tgtttaacat aaatccattt atcccccatt 300 aattcaatcc tttgaattgt taaatatata atatatgttt aatgtcttcc tgttttaacc 360 atggtaaagg agtcttcttg atttgttaat taagtgaaag gcaccaaaac caaatttata 420 gcgtttaaat tgagtacatt ttgtatatac ggtcgaaagc cgcctcaggg ttcaatggct 480 gctaatattt gcccaaaata aaatctcctt taggacttag cttcgtgtac gatagccaat 540 tcgatatctt atgtaggtaa ctatgtttcg taatacatag aattgttcaa ctttttttat 600 gttcgaactt ttttttaatt tgcaatgtaa ttatttgtct tatgttacat tttagtcatt 660 tatgtttaaa atgttatatt ttagttattt acgttatcgt gttgtaacat tttaggtact 720 gagccattaa ttgtcgttaa cagtgtaaca gaaagctgac gtggcacgtt aaatcatcgc 780 ttcaaattaa aattttggat taaattatac aattggtccc tatatttttt tcattttttt 840 ctttattttt cattctcttc ggcttctccc tatgttttcc tctcttcttc atttctttta 900 acatagtttt tttatatttt ctaaaattaa atttttcaaa aaaaataaaa tataggagtt 960 agttttaaaa aatacgttaa aagaaatgga taagggagga aaacagaggg aaaagcagaa 1020 gaggatgaaa gaaaaagaaa gttaaaagaa cataaaagaa aaaattaaat tgctctaaaa 1080 gaaaaaatat ggggacagat tgtataaatt agccaaaaat ttttgtttaa aatgatgatt 1140 taagtgctat gtcagtttac cattaaaggt aacaattaac gttttaataa ttaaaatatt 1200 ataacccgat aaaataagta actaaaattt taaattttaa atataaataa ctaaaatata 1260 acttgagata aataaaagtt gctattaaaa tttaggtata tcaacattaa taatgttggc 1320 cccatataag aagaattcat gtgcaagaag ttaaaatggg tcaacagccg cctacatgcc 1380 aacccttaat ttccaacttt tagttggtga ggataagatg agactaaaat ccgacattgc 1440 atattgaaag gtcaagcata atcagataaa aaatcttggt tcattcattg agtaccaagt 1500 aagtcaccct tttttaatca aaactacaac agtgaaggaa actacgaata atctatcatt 1560 caccatgact ttctcccacc atatatttat gtacaccctt ccaatcttcc tacactacca 1620 ca 1622 9 11606 DNA Artificial sequence plasmid construct encoding mutant ethylene receptor 9 agcttgcggc cgctatttag ggccttttta gatagatgat gcgtttatct acaattagta 60 taaaattagc tttggtggtg aaattaacca ttatagcgtg aaacaaaaag aaaagtaaat 120 atcactggag gtaaacaaaa agaaaggtaa agaaaggctc ctaatcagat gaaaatttct 180 ctcaaacttt tagcactctt ttggaacgta aacagtgaag tgaactagag atgttaaaag 240 aggaagataa atggttaaat atacaaaatg tgtttaacat aaatccattt atcccccatt 300 aattcaatcc tttgaattgt taaatatata atatatgttt aatgtcttcc tgttttaacc 360 atggtaaagg agtcttcttg atttgttaat taagtgaaag gcaccaaaac caaatttata 420 gcgtttaaat tgagtacatt ttgtatatac ggtcgaaagc cgcctcaggg ttcaatggct 480 gctaatattt gcccaaaata aaatctcctt taggacttag cttcgtgtac gatagccaat 540 tcgatatctt atgtaggtaa ctatgtttcg taatacatag aattgttcaa ctttttttat 600 gttcgaactt ttttttaatt tgcaatgtaa ttatttgtct tatgttacat tttagtcatt 660 tatgtttaaa atgttatatt ttagttattt acgttatcgt gttgtaacat tttaggtact 720 gagccattaa ttgtcgttaa cagtgtaaca gaaagctgac gtggcacgtt aaatcatcgc 780 ttcaaattaa aattttggat taaattatac aattggtccc tatatttttt tcattttttt 840 ctttattttt cattctcttc ggcttctccc tatgttttcc tctcttcttc atttctttta 900 acatagtttt tttatatttt ctaaaattaa atttttcaaa aaaaataaaa tataggagtt 960 agttttaaaa aatacgttaa aagaaatgga taagggagga aaacagaggg aaaagcagaa 1020 gaggatgaaa gaaaaagaaa gttaaaagaa cataaaagaa aaaattaaat tgctctaaaa 1080 gaaaaaatat ggggacagat tgtataaatt agccaaaaat ttttgtttaa aatgatgatt 1140 taagtgctat gtcagtttac cattaaaggt aacaattaac gttttaataa ttaaaatatt 1200 ataacccgat aaaataagta actaaaattt taaattttaa atataaataa ctaaaatata 1260 acttgagata aataaaagtt gctattaaaa tttaggtata tcaacattaa taatgttggc 1320 cccatataag aagaattcat gtgcaagaag ttaaaatggg tcaacagccg cctacatgcc 1380 aacccttaat ttccaacttt tagttggtga ggataagatg agactaaaat ccgacattgc 1440 atattgaaag gtcaagcata atcagataaa aaatcttggt tcattcattg agtaccaagt 1500 aagtcaccct tttttaatca aaactacaac agtgaaggaa actacgaata atctatcatt 1560 caccatgact ttctcccacc atatatttat gtacaccctt ccaatcttcc tacactacca 1620 catcgataaa taaaaactgc agcccggggg atccatagtg taaaaaattc ata atg 1676 Met 1 gaa gtc tgc aat tgt att gaa ccg caa tgg cca gcg gat gaa ttg tta 1724 Glu Val Cys Asn Cys Ile Glu Pro Gln Trp Pro Ala Asp Glu Leu Leu 5 10 15 atg aaa tac caa tac atc tcc gat ttc ttc att gcg att gcg tat ttt 1772 Met Lys Tyr Gln Tyr Ile Ser Asp Phe Phe Ile Ala Ile Ala Tyr Phe 20 25 30 tcg att cct ctt gag ttg att tac ttt gtg aag aaa tca gcc gtg ttt 1820 Ser Ile Pro Leu Glu Leu Ile Tyr Phe Val Lys Lys Ser Ala Val Phe 35 40 45 ccg tat aga tgg gta ctt gtt cag ttt ggt gct ttt atc gtt ctt tat 1868 Pro Tyr Arg Trp Val Leu Val Gln Phe Gly Ala Phe Ile Val Leu Tyr 50 55 60 65 gga gca act cat ctt att aac tta tgg act ttc act acg cat tcg aga 1916 Gly Ala Thr His Leu Ile Asn Leu Trp Thr Phe Thr Thr His Ser Arg 70 75 80 acc gtg gcg ctt gtg atg act acc gcg aag gtg tta acc gct gtt gtc 1964 Thr Val Ala Leu Val Met Thr Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Thr Ala Val Val 85 90 95 tcg tgt gct act gcg ttg atg ctt gtt cat att att cct gat ctt ttg 2012 Ser Cys Ala Thr Ala Leu Met Leu Val His Ile Ile Pro Asp Leu Leu 100 105 110 agt gtt aag act cgg gag ctt ttc ttg aaa aat aaa gct gct gag ctc 2060 Ser Val Lys Thr Arg Glu Leu Phe Leu Lys Asn Lys Ala Ala Glu Leu 115 120 125 gat aga gaa atg gga ttg att cga act cag gaa gaa acc gga agg cat 2108 Asp Arg Glu Met Gly Leu Ile Arg Thr Gln Glu Glu Thr Gly Arg His 130 135 140 145 gtg aga atg ttg act cat gag att aga agc act tta gat aga cat act 2156 Val Arg Met Leu Thr His Glu Ile Arg Ser Thr Leu Asp Arg His Thr 150 155 160 att tta aag act aca ctt gtt gag ctt ggt agg aca tta gct ttg gag 2204 Ile Leu Lys Thr Thr Leu Val Glu Leu Gly Arg Thr Leu Ala Leu Glu 165 170 175 gag tgt gca ttg tgg atg cct act aga act ggg tta gag cta cag ctt 2252 Glu Cys Ala Leu Trp Met Pro Thr Arg Thr Gly Leu Glu Leu Gln Leu 180 185 190 tct tat aca ctt cgt cat caa cat ccc gtg gag tat acg gtt cct att 2300 Ser Tyr Thr Leu Arg His Gln His Pro Val Glu Tyr Thr Val Pro Ile 195 200 205 caa tta ccg gtg att aac caa gtg ttt ggt act agt agg gct gta aaa 2348 Gln Leu Pro Val Ile Asn Gln Val Phe Gly Thr Ser Arg Ala Val Lys 210 215 220 225 ata tct cct aat tct cct gtg gct agg ttg aga cct gtt tct ggg aaa 2396 Ile Ser Pro Asn Ser Pro Val Ala Arg Leu Arg Pro Val Ser Gly Lys 230 235 240 tat atg cta ggg gag gtg gtc gct gtg agg gtt ccg ctt ctc cac ctt 2444 Tyr Met Leu Gly Glu Val Val Ala Val Arg Val Pro Leu Leu His Leu 245 250 255 tct aat ttt cag att aat gac tgg cct gag ctt tca aca aag aga tat 2492 Ser Asn Phe Gln Ile Asn Asp Trp Pro Glu Leu Ser Thr Lys Arg Tyr 260 265 270 gct ttg atg gtt ttg atg ctt cct tca gat agt gca agg caa tgg cat 2540 Ala Leu Met Val Leu Met Leu Pro Ser Asp Ser Ala Arg Gln Trp His 275 280 285 gtc cat gag ttg gaa ctc gtt gaa gtc gtc gct gat cag gtg gct gta 2588 Val His Glu Leu Glu Leu Val Glu Val Val Ala Asp Gln Val Ala Val 290 295 300 305 gct ctc tca cat gct gcg atc cta gaa gag tcg atg cga gct agg gac 2636 Ala Leu Ser His Ala Ala Ile Leu Glu Glu Ser Met Arg Ala Arg Asp 310 315 320 ctt ctc atg gag cag aat gtt gct ctt gat cta gct aga cga gaa gca 2684 Leu Leu Met Glu Gln Asn Val Ala Leu Asp Leu Ala Arg Arg Glu Ala 325 330 335 gaa aca gca atc cgt gcc cgc aat gat ttc cta gcg gtt atg aac cat 2732 Glu Thr Ala Ile Arg Ala Arg Asn Asp Phe Leu Ala Val Met Asn His 340 345 350 gaa atg cga aca ccg atg cat gcg att att gca ctc tct tcc tta ctc 2780 Glu Met Arg Thr Pro Met His Ala Ile Ile Ala Leu Ser Ser Leu Leu 355 360 365 caa gaa acg gaa cta acc cct gaa caa aga ctg atg gtg gaa aca ata 2828 Gln Glu Thr Glu Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Arg Leu Met Val Glu Thr Ile 370 375 380 385 ctt aaa agt agt aac ctt ttg gca act ttg atg aat gat gtc tta gat 2876 Leu Lys Ser Ser Asn Leu Leu Ala Thr Leu Met Asn Asp Val Leu Asp 390 395 400 ctt tca agg tta gaa gat gga agt ctt caa ctt gaa ctt ggg aca ttc 2924 Leu Ser Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Ser Leu Gln Leu Glu Leu Gly Thr Phe 405 410 415 aat ctt cat aca tta ttt aga gag gtc ctc aat ctg ata aag cct ata 2972 Asn Leu His Thr Leu Phe Arg Glu Val Leu Asn Leu Ile Lys Pro Ile 420 425 430 gcg gtt gtt aag aaa tta ccc atc aca cta aat ctt gca cca gat ttg 3020 Ala Val Val Lys Lys Leu Pro Ile Thr Leu Asn Leu Ala Pro Asp Leu 435 440 445 cca gaa ttt gtt gtt ggg gat gag aaa cgg cta atg cag ata ata tta 3068 Pro Glu Phe Val Val Gly Asp Glu Lys Arg Leu Met Gln Ile Ile Leu 450 455 460 465 aat ata gtt ggt aat gct gtg aaa ttc tcc aaa caa ggt agt atc tcc 3116 Asn Ile Val Gly Asn Ala Val Lys Phe Ser Lys Gln Gly Ser Ile Ser 470 475 480 gta acc gct ctt gtc acc aag tca gac aca cga gct gct gac ttt ttt 3164 Val Thr Ala Leu Val Thr Lys Ser Asp Thr Arg Ala Ala Asp Phe Phe 485 490 495 gtc gtg cca act ggg agt cat ttc tac ttg aga gtg aag gta aaa gac 3212 Val Val Pro Thr Gly Ser His Phe Tyr Leu Arg Val Lys Val Lys Asp 500 505 510 tct gga gca gga ata aat cct caa gac att cca aag att ttc act aaa 3260 Ser Gly Ala Gly Ile Asn Pro Gln Asp Ile Pro Lys Ile Phe Thr Lys 515 520 525 ttt gct caa aca caa tct tta gcg acg aga agc tcg ggt ggt agt ggg 3308 Phe Ala Gln Thr Gln Ser Leu Ala Thr Arg Ser Ser Gly Gly Ser Gly 530 535 540 545 ctt ggc ctc gcc atc tcc aag agg ttt gtg aat ctg atg gag ggt aac 3356 Leu Gly Leu Ala Ile Ser Lys Arg Phe Val Asn Leu Met Glu Gly Asn 550 555 560 att tgg att gag agc gat ggt ctt gga aaa gga tgc acg gct atc ttt 3404 Ile Trp Ile Glu Ser Asp Gly Leu Gly Lys Gly Cys Thr Ala Ile Phe 565 570 575 gat gtt aaa ctt ggg atc tca gaa cgt tca aac gaa tct aaa cag tcg 3452 Asp Val Lys Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Arg Ser Asn Glu Ser Lys Gln Ser 580 585 590 ggc ata ccg aaa gtt cca gcc att ccc cga cat tca aat ttc act gga 3500 Gly Ile Pro Lys Val Pro Ala Ile Pro Arg His Ser Asn Phe Thr Gly 595 600 605 ctt aag gtt ctt gtc atg gat gag aac ggg gta agt aga atg gtg acg 3548 Leu Lys Val Leu Val Met Asp Glu Asn Gly Val Ser Arg Met Val Thr 610 615 620 625 aag gga ctt ctt gta cac ctt ggg tgc gaa gtg acc acg gtg agt tca 3596 Lys Gly Leu Leu Val His Leu Gly Cys Glu Val Thr Thr Val Ser Ser 630 635 640 aac gag gag tgt ctc cga gtt gtg tcc cat gag cac aaa gtg gtc ttc 3644 Asn Glu Glu Cys Leu Arg Val Val Ser His Glu His Lys Val Val Phe 645 650 655 atg gac gtg tgc atg ccc ggg gtc gaa aac tac caa atc gct ctc cgt 3692 Met Asp Val Cys Met Pro Gly Val Glu Asn Tyr Gln Ile Ala Leu Arg 660 665 670 att cac gag aaa ttc aca aaa caa cgc cac caa cgg cca cta ctt gtg 3740 Ile His Glu Lys Phe Thr Lys Gln Arg His Gln Arg Pro Leu Leu Val 675 680 685 gca ctc agt ggt aac act gac aaa tcc aca aaa gag aaa tgc atg agc 3788 Ala Leu Ser Gly Asn Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Lys Glu Lys Cys Met Ser 690 695 700 705 ttt ggt cta gac ggt gtg ttg ctc aaa ccc gta tca cta gac aac ata 3836 Phe Gly Leu Asp Gly Val Leu Leu Lys Pro Val Ser Leu Asp Asn Ile 710 715 720 aga gat gtt ctg tct gat ctt ctc gag ccc cgg gta ctg tac gag ggc 3884 Arg Asp Val Leu Ser Asp Leu Leu Glu Pro Arg Val Leu Tyr Glu Gly 725 730 735 atg taa ggatccagct ttcgttcgta tcatcggttt cgacaacgtt cgtcaagttc 3940 Met aatgcatcag tttcattgcg cacacaccag aatcctactg agttcgagta ttatggcatt 4000 gggaaaactg tttttcttgt accatttgtt gtgcttgtaa tttactgtgt tttttattcg 4060 gttttcgcta tcgaactgtg aaatggaaat ggatggagaa gagttaatga atgatatggt 4120 ccttttgttc attctcaaat taatattatt tgttttttct cttatttgtt gtgtgttgaa 4180 tttgaaatta taagagatat gcaaacattt tgttttgagt aaaaatgtgt caaatcgtgg 4240 cctctaatga ccgaagttaa tatgaggagt aaaacacttg tagttgtacc attatgctta 4300 ttcactaggc aacaaatata ttttcagacc tagaaaagct gcaaatgtta ctgaatacaa 4360 gtatgtcctc ttgtgtttta gacatttatg aactttcctt tatgtaattt tccagaatcc 4420 ttgtcagatt ctaatcattg ctttataatt atagttatac tcatggattt gtagttgagt 4480 atgaaaatat tttttaatgc attttatgac ttgccaattg attgacaaca tgcatcaatc 4540 gacctgcagc cactcgaagc ggccgccact cgagtggaag ctagcttccc gatcctatct 4600 gtcacttcat caaaaggaca gtagaaaagg aaggtggcac tacaaatgcc atcattgcga 4660 taaaggaaag gctatcgttc aagatgcctc tgccgacagt ggtcccaaag atggaccccc 4720 acccacgagg agcatcgtgg aaaaagaaga cgttccaacc acgtcttcaa agcaagtgga 4780 ttgatgtgat acttccactg acgtaaggga tgacgcacaa tcccactatc cttcgcaaga 4840 cccttcctct atataaggaa gttcatttca tttggagagg acacgctgaa atcaccagtc 4900 tctctctaca agatcgggga tctctagcta gacgatcgtt tcgcatgatt gaacaagatg 4960 gattgcacgc aggttctccg gccgcttggg tggagaggct attcggctat gactgggcac 5020 aacagacaat cggctgctct gatgccgccg tgttccggct gtcagcgcag gggcgcccgg 5080 ttctttttgt caagaccgac ctgtccggtg ccctgaatga actgcaggac gaggcagcgc 5140 ggctatcgtg gctggccacg acgggcgttc cttgcgcagc tgtgctcgac gttgtcactg 5200 aagcgggaag ggactggctg ctattgggcg aagtgccggg gcaggatctc ctgtcatctc 5260 accttgctcc tgccgagaaa gtatccatca tggctgatgc aatgcggcgg ctgcatacgc 5320 ttgatccggc tacctgccca ttcgaccacc aagcgaaaca tcgcatcgag cgagcacgta 5380 ctcggatgga agccggtctt gtcgatcagg atgatctgga cgaagagcat caggggctcg 5440 cgccagccga actgttcgcc aggctcaagg cgcgcatgcc cgacggcgag gatctcgtcg 5500 tgacccatgg cgatgcctgc ttgccgaata tcatggtgga aaatggccgc ttttctggat 5560 tcatcgactg tggccggctg ggtgtggcgg accgctatca ggacatagcg ttggctaccc 5620 gtgatattgc tgaagagctt ggcggcgaat gggctgaccg cttcctcgtg ctttacggta 5680 tcgccgctcc cgattcgcag cgcatcgcct tctatcgcct tcttgacgag ttcttctgag 5740 cgggactctg gggttcgatc cccaattccc gatcgttcaa acatttggca ataaagtttc 5800 ttaagattga atcctgttgc cggtcttgcg atgattatca tataatttct gttgaattac 5860 gttaagcatg taataattaa catgtaatgc atgacgttat ttatgagatg ggtttttatg 5920 attagagtcc cgcaattata catttaatac gcgatagaaa acaaaatata gcgcgcaaac 5980 taggataaat tatcgcgcgc ggtgtcatct atgttactag atcggggatc gggccactcg 6040 agtggtggcc gcatcgatcg tgaagtttct catctaagcc cccatttgga cgtgaatgta 6100 gacacgtcga aataaagatt tccgaattag aataatttgt ttattgcttt cgcctataaa 6160 tacgacggat cgtaatttgt cgttttatca aaatgtactt tcattttata ataacgctgc 6220 ggacatctac atttttgaat tgaaaaaaaa ttggtaatta ctctttcttt ttctccatat 6280 tgaccatcat actcattgct gatccatgta gatttcccgg acatgaagcc atttacaatt 6340 gaatatatcc tgccgccgct gccgctttgc acccggtgga gcttgcatgt tggtttctac 6400 gcagaactga gccggttagg cagataattt ccattgagaa ctgagccatg tgcaccttcc 6460 ccccaacacg gtgagcgacg gggcaacgga gtgatccaca tgggactttt cctagcttgg 6520 ctgccatttt tggggtgagg ccgttcgcgc ggggcgccag ctggggggat gggaggcccg 6580 cgttaccggg agggttcgag aagggggggc accccccttc ggcgtgcgcg gtcacgcgcc 6640 agggcgcagc cctggttaaa aacaaggttt ataaatattg gtttaaaagc aggttaaaag 6700 acaggttagc ggtggccgaa aaacgggcgg aaacccttgc aaatgctgga ttttctgcct 6760 gtggacagcc cctcaaatgt caataggtgc gcccctcatc tgtcatcact ctgcccctca 6820 agtgtcaagg atcgcgcccc tcatctgtca gtagtcgcgc ccctcaagtg tcaataccgc 6880 agggcactta tccccaggct tgtccacatc atctgtggga aactcgcgta aaatcaggcg 6940 ttttcgccga tttgcgaggc tggccagctc cacgtcgccg gccgaaatcg agcctgcccc 7000 tcatctgtca acgccgcgcc gggtgagtcg gcccctcaag tgtcaacgtc cgcccctcat 7060 ctgtcagtga gggccaagtt ttccgcgtgg tatccacaac gccggcggcc ggccgcggtg 7120 tctcgcacac ggcttcgacg gcgtttctgg cgcgtttgca gggccataga cggccgccag 7180 cccagcggcg agggcaacca gcccggtgag cgtcggaaag ggtcgatcga ccgatgccct 7240 tgagagcctt caacccagtc agctccttcc ggtgggcgcg gggcatgact atcgtcgccg 7300 cacttatgac tgtcttcttt atcatgcaac tcgtaggaca ggtgccggca gcgctctggg 7360 tcattttcgg cgaggaccgc tttcgctgga gcgcgacgat gatcggcctg tcgcttgcgg 7420 tacgccctcg ctcaagcctt cgtcactggt cccgccacca aacgtttcgg cgagaagcag 7480 gccattatcg ccggcatggc ggccgacgcg ctgggctacg tcttgctggc gttcgcgacg 7540 cgaggctgga tggccttccc cattatgatt cttctcgctt ccggcggcat cgggatgccc 7600 gcgttgcagg ccatgctgtc caggcaggta gatgacgacc atcagggaca gcttcaagga 7660 tcgctcgcgg ctcttaccag cctaacttcg atcactggac cgctgatcgt cacggcgatt 7720 tatgccgcct cggcgagcac atggaacggg ttggcatgga ttgtaggcgc cgccctatac 7780 cttgtctgcc tccccgcgtt gcgtcgcggt gcatggagcc gggccacctc gacctgaatg 7840 gaagccggcg gcacctcgct aacggattca ccactccaag aattggagcc aatcaattct 7900 tgcggagaac tgtgaatgcg caaaccaacc cttggcagaa catatccatc gcgtccgcca 7960 tctccagcag ccgcacgcgg cgcatctcgg gcagcgttgg gtcctggcca cgggtgcgca 8020 tgatcgtgct cctgtcgttg aggacccggc taggctggcg gggttgcctt actggttagc 8080 agaatgaatc accgatacgc gagcgaacgt gaagcgactg ctgctgcaaa acgtctgcga 8140 cctgagcaac aacatgaatg gtcttcggtt tccgtgtttc gtaaagtctg gaaacgcgga 8200 agtcagcgcc ctgcaccatt atgttccgga tctgcatcgc aggatgctgc tggctaccct 8260 gtggaacacc tacatctgta ttaacgaagc gctggcattg accctgagtg atttttctct 8320 ggtcccgccg catccatacc gccagttgtt taccctcaca acgttccagt aaccgggcat 8380 gttcatcatc agtaacccgt atcgtgagca tcctctctcg tttcatcggt atcattaccc 8440 ccatgaacag aaattccccc ttacacggag gcatcaagtg accaaacagg aaaaaaccgc 8500 ccttaacatg gcccgcttta tcagaagcca gacattaacg cttctggaga aactcaacga 8560 gctggacgcg gatgaacagg cagacatctg tgaatcgctt cacgaccacg ctgatgagct 8620 ttaccgcagc tgcctcgcgc gtttcggtga tgacggtgaa aacctctgac acatgcagct 8680 cccggagacg gtcacagctt gtctgtaagc ggatgccggg agcagacaag cccgtcaggg 8740 cgcgtcagcg ggtgttggcg ggtgtcgggg cgcagccatg acccagtcac gtagcgatag 8800 cggagtgtat actggcttaa ctatgcggca tcagagcaga ttgtactgag agtgcaccat 8860 atgcggtgtg aaataccgca cagatgcgta aggagaaaat accgcatcag gcgctcttcc 8920 gcttcctcgc tcactgactc gctgcgctcg gtcgttcggc tgcggcgagc ggtatcagct 8980 cactcaaagg cggtaatacg gttatccaca gaatcagggg ataacgcagg aaagaacatg 9040 tgagcaaaag gccagcaaaa ggccaggaac cgtaaaaagg ccgcgttgct ggcgtttttc 9100 cataggctcc gcccccctga cgagcatcac aaaaatcgac gctcaagtca gaggtggcga 9160 aacccgacag gactataaag ataccaggcg tttccccctg gaagctccct cgtgcgctct 9220 cctgttccga ccctgccgct taccggatac ctgtccgcct ttctcccttc gggaagcgtg 9280 gcgctttctc atagctcacg ctgtaggtat ctcagttcgg tgtaggtcgt tcgctccaag 9340 ctgggctgtg tgcacgaacc ccccgttcag cccgaccgct gcgccttatc cggtaactat 9400 cgtcttgagt ccaacccggt aagacacgac ttatcgccac tggcagcagc cactggtaac 9460 aggattagca gagcgaggta tgtaggcggt gctacagagt tcttgaagtg gtggcctaac 9520 tacggctaca ctagaaggac agtatttggt atctgcgctc tgctgaagcc agttaccttc 9580 ggaaaaagag ttggtagctc ttgatccggc aaacaaacca ccgctggtag cggtggtttt 9640 tttgtttgca agcagcagat tacgcgcaga aaaaaaggat ctcaagaaga tcctttgatc 9700 ttttctacgg ggtctgacgc tcagtggaac gaaaactcac gttaagggat tttggtcatg 9760 agattatcaa aaaggatctt cacctagatc cttttaaatt aaaaatgaag ttttaaatca 9820 atctaaagta tatatgagta aacttggtct gacagttacc aatgcttaat cagtgaggca 9880 cctatctcag cgatctgtct atttcgttca tccatagttg cctgactccc cgtcgtgtag 9940 ataactacga tacgggaggg cttaccatct ggccccagtg ctgcaatgat accgcgagac 10000 ccacgctcac cggctccaga tttatcagca ataaaccagc cagccggaag ggccgagcgc 10060 agaagtggtc ctgcaacttt atccgcctcc atccagtcta ttaattgttg ccgggaagct 10120 agagtaagta gttcgccagt taatagtttg cgcaacgttg ttgccattgc tgcaggtcgg 10180 gagcacagga tgacgcctaa caattcattc aagccgacac cgcttcgcgg cgcggcttaa 10240 ttcaggagtt aaacatcatg agggaagcgg tgatcgccga agtatcgact caactatcag 10300 aggtagttgg cgtcatcgag cgccatctcg aaccgacgtt gctggccgta catttgtacg 10360 gctccgcagt ggatggcggc ctgaagccac acagtgatat tgatttgctg gttacggtga 10420 ccgtaaggct tgatgaaaca acgcggcgag ctttgatcaa cgaccttttg gaaacttcgg 10480 cttcccctgg agagagcgag attctccgcg ctgtagaagt caccattgtt gtgcacgacg 10540 acatcattcc gtggcgttat ccagctaagc gcgaactgca atttggagaa tggcagcgca 10600 atgacattct tgcaggtatc ttcgagccag ccacgatcga cattgatctg gctatcttgc 10660 tgacaaaagc aagagaacat agcgttgcct tggtaggtcc agcggcggag gaactctttg 10720 atccggttcc tgaacaggat ctatttgagg cgctaaatga aaccttaacg ctatggaact 10780 cgccgcccga ctgggctggc gatgagcgaa atgtagtgct tacgttgtcc cgcatttggt 10840 acagcgcagt aaccggcaaa atcgcgccga aggatgtcgc tgccgactgg gcaatggagc 10900 gcctgccggc ccagtatcag cccgtcatac ttgaagctag gcaggcttat cttggacaag 10960 aagatcgctt ggcctcgcgc gcagatcagt tggaagaatt tgttcactac gtgaaaggcg 11020 agatcaccaa ggtagtcggc aaataatgtc taacaattcg ttcaagccga cgccgcttcg 11080 cggcgcggct taactcaagc gttagatgct gcaggcatcg tggtgtcacg ctcgtcgttt 11140 ggtatggctt cattcagctc cggttcccaa cgatcaaggc gagttacatg atcccccatg 11200 ttgtgcaaaa aagcggttag ctccttcggt cctccgatcg aggatttttc ggcgctgcgc 11260 tacgtccgck accgcgttga gggatcaagc cacagcagcc cactcgacct ctagccgacc 11320 cagacgagcc aagggatctt tttggaatgc tgctccgtcg tcaggctttc cgacgtttgg 11380 gtggttgaac agaagtcatt atcgtacgga atgccaagca ctcccgaggg gaaccctgtg 11440 gttggcatgc acatacaaat ggacgaacgg ataaaccttt tcacgccctt ttaaatatcc 11500 gttattctaa taaacgctct tttctcttag gtttacccgc caatatatcc tgtcaaacac 11560 tgatagttta aactgaaggc gggaaacgac aatctgatcc ccatca 11606 10 2458 DNA Lycopersicon esculentum 10 ggcacgagct gagttccagt tgaaccacag ttttgcaacg acataaaaaa agtgatcttt 60 ttgaggctca tgtaatttga tcaatttcaa ttagattctg atctgaatat tggattttgg 120 gtattagctg cttaatcctg tggaagttgc aagtagcttc acctttttca tcctgtggaa 180 gatgatgatg tttgaggaaa tggggttctg tggggatctt gatttcttcc ctgctccgct 240 gaaggaagtg gaagtgtctg ctccgcagag tcagactgag ccggattctg tggtggatga 300 tgattatagt gatgaggagg agattgaagt ggatgagctg gagaggagga tgtggaggga 360 caagatgaag ttgaaaaggc tgaaagaaat gagtaaaagt aaggaaggtg ttgatcctgc 420 aaaacaacgt cagtcgcagg agcaggcgag gaggaagaag atgtcaaggg cacaggatgg 480 gatcttgaag tacatgctga aaatgatgga agtatgtaaa gctcaggggt ttgtttatgg 540 gatcattccg gaaaaaggca agccagttag tggggcatct gataatctta gggagtggtg 600 gaaggataag gtgaggttcg atcgaaatgg tcctgcagca atagccaaat accaagctga 660 tcatgccatc cctggcatga acgaggggtc taatccagtt ggtcctaccc ctcacacctt 720 gcaggagctg caagatacca cccttggttc gttattatca gctttgatgc agcactgtga 780 tcctcctcag agaagatttc cattggagaa aggtgttcca ccaccatggt ggcccacagg 840 aaaggaggat tggtggcctc aattgggttt gcagaaggac caaggttctc taccttacaa 900 gaagcctcat gatctgaaga aggcgtggaa ggttggtgtc ctaacagcgg tgatcaagca 960 catgttccct gatattgcta aaatccgcaa gctggtaagg cagtcaaagt gcttacagga 1020 caagatgaca gccaaggaaa gtgcaacttg gcttgccatc atcagtcagg aggaagcttt 1080 ggctcgagaa ctctatcccg atcgctgtcc acctttgtcc tcagctggtg ttagtggaaa 1140 tttcatgttg aacgacagca gtgagtatga tgttgaaggt gctcaagatg agcctaactt 1200 tgatgttcat gagcaaaaac caaaccatct caatctgttg aacatcagtg ctgagagatt 1260 caaggagacg atgcctcttc agcaacaatc tcatccaaac aaggatgaac tggtcacaaa 1320 cttagacttc agtctgaaga ggaagcaagc taatgaacct actgtgatga tggatcaaaa 1380 gatatacaca tgcgagtttc ttcaatgccc tcacaatgaa cttcgccatg gttttcagga 1440 cagatcttcc agagacaatc atcaatttgc ttgcctttac cgaagttcta cctgttttgg 1500 agtttcaaac tttcagatta atgaagtcaa gccagttgtg ttccctcaac aatatgtcca 1560 gccaaagtca tctgctctgc ctgttaatca aggtccacct tcctttgatc tatctggtat 1620 aggagttcct gaagatgggc aaaggatgat taatgagctt atgtcaatct atgatagtga 1680 tgtacaagga agcaaaaggc aaaatagggg gaacattgca ttgaccaaag agcagcctca 1740 tcaacaacct cgtgtccacc aggacaacta cctgctcagc caagggataa tggacggaaa 1800 tatcttcaaa aacactaata tttccacaac tcagtctatg ctcccacaag tcgatccatt 1860 tgatcaatcc aaggctttca atgcaggctc caacgacaac ttccatttca tgtttgggtc 1920 tccattcaac atacaatcta ccaattataa cggaaatcta cctagcattg gatacgatac 1980 cacaccaaaa caagatgctc ctatttggta ctagccagcc agaagtctgt tgacatgttg 2040 tatatcaagt agtcagtttt ggcttcatag atatagcgat ttctcatggg taaaaagatc 2100 ccatgtactc gtctgctttt ttcattctgg tggatttttc atcgcctata gtcctcttag 2160 ttatggtgtt ttcagttacc atgtgttgta aaggttgaag aactaggcat ggtgtaaaca 2220 aacacccctc aaatacttgc caatgcttct cataggacat gtagatataa ataagttact 2280 tgtttcatca tggccagttt tatcagtctc tttaaaactg ttgaatttat aggctatggt 2340 taaggtcttt actccttgtt taatacttct tctcaagatt gtttgggata tcaatgttgt 2400 tattgttgcc atatcttata tgatgttttt ctttcattaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 2458 11 2509 DNA Lycopersicon esculentum 11 ggcacgagtc taccttctat attctgaagg gtcaattctt gaacaaaatt ttggaagcaa 60 aaagaagaaa cccctttgag gttgctggtt tttttcaaac caaaatttgg ctgccaagat 120 gatgatgttt gaagacattg ggttttgtgc tgatcttgat ttcttccctg ctccgctgaa 180 ggaggcggaa acagtagctg ctgttccacc aattgtgccg gagccgatga tggatgatga 240 tgatagtgat gaggagatcg atgtggatga gctggagaag aggatgtgga gggataagat 300 gaagctgaaa aggctgaaag aaatgagcaa gggcaaggaa ggtgttgatg ctgtcaaaca 360 acgccagtct caggagcaag ctaggaggaa gaagatgtcc agggctcaag atgggatctt 420 gaagtacatg ttgaagatga tggaagtctg taaggctcag ggttttgttt atggaattat 480 cccggagaaa ggcaaaccgg tgactggggc atcggataat ctcagggagt ggtggaagga 540 taaagtgagg tttgatcgca atggacctgc tgcgatagca aagtaccaag ctgacaatgc 600 catccctggc aagaacgagg gtgctaatcc gattggtcca acccctcata ccttgcagga 660 gcttcaagat accacccttg gttctctact gtcagcttta atgcaacatt gtgatcctcc 720 tcagaggcga tttccattgg aaaaaggtgt atcacctcca tggtggccaa atggacagga 780 ggattggtgg cctcagttgg gactgccaaa tgatcaaggt cctccacctt acaagaagcc 840 tcatgatctg aagaaggctt ggaaggttgg tgtcctcaca gcggtgatca agcacatctc 900 ccctgatatt gctaagatac gcaagctggt aaggcaatcg aagtgcttgc aggataagat 960 gacagcaaag gaaagtgcaa cttggcttgc catcatcaat caggaggaag ttttggctcg 1020 cgaactttat cctgatcgct gtccaccttt gtcctcaggt ggtagtagtg gaaccttcac 1080 tatgaacgac agcagtgagt atgatgttga aggtgctatt gatgacccta tctttgatgt 1140 tcaagagcaa aaaccaaacc atctcagttt gctgaatgtc aatgttgaga tgttcaagga 1200 gaagctgcct ctgctacagc agtctcagcc aatgaagggt gacatttttg ccaacttaga 1260 tttcactcgc aagaggaagc cggctgatga cttgactttc ctgatggatc cgaagacata 1320 tacttgcgag tgtcttcatt gccctcatag tgagcttcgc aatggttttc cagacagatc 1380 cagcagagac aatcatcagc taacttgcct cttcaggaat acttctcaat ttgtagttcc 1440 aaactttcac atggaggagg tcaagccagt tgtcttccct caacagtatg ctgagccaaa 1500 gcgggcttcg cttccggtca acccagctcc accctccttt gatacatctg gacttggggt 1560 tcctgcagat gggcagaggg tgatcaatga gcttatgtca ttctatgaaa gtaatgtgca 1620 aggaaacaaa agttcaatgg cggggaactc tgtgatgtcc aaagagcagc ctcttcaaca 1680 acctagcatt caacagaaca attaccttca aagccaaggg aatgtgttgg agggaagcat 1740 ctttggggac accaacattt ctgctaacaa ctccatgttt gtgcagggtg atcggtttga 1800 tcagagcaag gttttaactt caccattcaa tgcaagctct actgatgatt tcaatttcat 1860 gtttggatct ccattcaaca tgcaatccac tgatctctct gaatgtcttt ctgggatttc 1920 acatgatgac gtgacgaagc aagatgcctc ggtttggtac tagcaatgcg attactcaaa 1980 tgaacatcaa gcagtggata tcacaatata cctttaatca ggtggatttc agtttgccta 2040 tagttctcag tttggttttt ctgttaccat gtagttgtag aggttggagg atcgtgcatg 2100 acgttattac aagggagtag taagagatgt catgctgctg gttagaagga acttatagat 2160 gtttctaaat aaggtttagc agtcagttta ttttcatata tgtctataac tctatatagg 2220 ttttagcttt atcccatagt caatcgttgg tttcggagat atttaaacgc ttttgtccct 2280 atatctggtt ctggaaatgt tacaaattac ctgcaggtgc agctgcaggt ctttttgtta 2340 tatgttatag tactatttgt catggtggtg gtgtaatata tacatatgtg ttggccaaag 2400 ctgtgtgata tgttgttagc atcctatata aggccatggc ttgacaataa aatgttatga 2460 tgtattttgg tatgtcctct tttcaccata aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa 2509 12 2207 DNA Lycopersicon esculentum 12 ggcacgagcc tctcttcttc ttactttcca atacacaaca aaagtgaaaa catcacttca 60 atacacctaa cattcttctc aaaccccttc tctttctctc ttttttcttt tttttttggt 120 tcaaaatcaa agtagtatag ccatagataa cagcttcaac aagctgtttt caagaaaatc 180 ataatttggt aaatggggat atttgaagat atggggttct ctggaaattt tgagtttcta 240 tctgattcta tgggatgtgg agctcaagaa gttgagcata agccggttgg gttggaggag 300 gatgattata gtgatgagga gatggatgtg gaagagctag agaggaggat gtggagggat 360 cgaatgcttt tgaggcgtct caaagagaaa aacaagaata aagtggtggg ggatggtgcg 420 aagcagcgtc agtcgcagga gcaggctcgt agaaagaaga tgtcgcgtgc acaagatggt 480 atactgaagt acatgctgaa aatgatggag gtttgtaatg ctcagggttt tgtttatgga 540 attatccctg agaaagggaa gcctgtgact ggtgcttcgg acaatcttcg tgcttggtgg 600 aaggaaaagg tcagatttga tcgaaatggc cctgctgcta ttgctaagta tcaggctgat 660 aatcagattc ctgggagagt tgaggaatcg agtgtgatag tttccactcc ccacacttta 720 caggagctgc aggatacaac tctaggatcc cttttgtctg ctttgatgca gcactgtgat 780 cctccacaga ggcggtttcc gttggagaag ggggtatctc caccctggtg gccctctggt 840 aaagaggaat ggtggggtca gttgggtctg ccaaatgatc aagttcaacc tccatacaag 900 aagcctcatg atctgaagaa ggcctggaag gttggtgttc tgacggcggt aatcaaacac 960 atctctcccg acattgctaa gattcgcaag cttgttcgac agtcaaagtg cttgcaggat 1020 aagatgacag ctaaggagag tgctacttgg cttgctatta tcaatcaaga agaggctttg 1080 gctcgtaagc tgtatcctga cagctatcca cagggatctc tagctgttgg taatggttcc 1140 tttttcatca gcgatgctag cgattacgat gtggaaggag tggataacga gagaaacaat 1200 gaagtggaat gtaaacccca tgacatcaat ctccaaactg gaattatgtt acctaaagat 1260 agggttttga tgccaggttt agctccagtg aaaggagaaa ttattgattt aacttccgat 1320 tttatccaga agaggaagga accatgtttt gaggagtctg ttgatcaaaa gatatatact 1380 tgtgagtacc ttcactgccc atacagcaat tatcaagctg gattccttga caggacttca 1440 agaaacaacc accaaatgag ttgtccattc cggttcaatt ctgctcaaac acttactaca 1500 cctaagtatc agatcaacta tgagcacaac acagtttttc ctgcacaaac tgcaacttct 1560 aagccagcgg tctcgtcagt cactgcttcc tcttcgatga gtgcctcggg gcttggactc 1620 cctgaagatg atcagaggat catttctgac ctcataacat catacgacaa caactttcag 1680 caaaatggta gcatctgttc cggaatttct gagattctag taaaccaaag cctgcctcag 1740 caacaaacag ttgaacttcc catggatggc aacatcaacc taggacatat ggagacctca 1800 gctcaagaaa ccagcatgcc tgtttatcgt tcaacagagt ttcaatatga tcaatgcaaa 1860 atgtcctttg acgccccctt cggtggaaac ataaatgata taactgatta cagattcggt 1920 tccccgttca acttgggagg aagcgactac gccgtggaac agctgacaaa gcaggatata 1980 tctacatggt acctctgaac tagtactagt attaaactgt cttatttcct atatgaaggc 2040 ttgataggtt gtatatgttt agataagtga tcaactctct gtcctttata tatacaggta 2100 ttgtagtttc tttgtgatgt agttgatgtt tccatggttg taagtgctaa acacaataat 2160 tatctttatg caattatgtt ttaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa 2207 13 4758 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana 13 cttttctctc tctatctcta tctctcgtag cttgataaga gtttctctct tttgaagatc 60 cgtttctctc tctctcactg agactattgt tgttaggtca acttgcgatc atggcgattt 120 cgaaggtctg aagctgattt cgaatggttt ggagatatcc gtagtggtta agcatatgga 180 agtctatgtt ctgctcttgg ttgctctgtt agggcttcct ccatttggac caacttagct 240 gaatgttgta tgatctctct ccttgaagca gcaaataaga agaaggtctg gtccttaact 300 taacatctgg ttactagagg aaacttcagc tattattagg taaagaaaga ctgtacagag 360 ttgtataaca agtaagcgtt agagtggctt tgtttgcctc ggtgatagaa gaaccgactg 420 attcgttgtt gtgtgttagc tttggaggga atcagatttc gcgagggaag gtgttttaga 480 tcaaatctgt gaattttact caactgaggc ttttagtgaa ccacgactgt agagttgacc 540 ttgaatccta ctctgagtaa ttatattatc agatagattt aggatggaag ctgaaattgt 600 gaatgtgaga cctcagctag ggtttatcca gagaatggtt cctgctctac ttcctgtcct 660 tttggtttct gtcggatata ttgatcccgg gaaatgggtt gcaaatatcg aaggaggtgc 720 tcgtttcggg tatgacttgg tggcaattac tctgcttttc aattttgccg ccatcttatg 780 ccaatatgtt gcagctcgca taagcgttgt gactggtaaa cacttggctc agatctgcaa 840 tgaagaatat gacaagtgga cgtgcatgtt cttgggcatt caggcggagt tctcagcaat 900 tctgctcgac cttaccatgg ttgtgggagt tgcgcatgca cttaaccttt tgtttggggt 960 ggagttatcc actggagtgt ttttggccgc catggatgcg tttttatttc ctgttttcgc 1020 ctctttcctt gaaaatggta tggcaaatac agtatccatt tactctgcag gcctggtatt 1080 acttctctat gtatctggcg tcttgctgag tcagtctgag atcccactct ctatgaatgg 1140 agtgttaact cggttaaatg gagagagcgc attcgcactg atgggtcttc ttggcgcaag 1200 catcgtccct cacaattttt atatccattc ttattttgct ggggaaagta catcttcgtc 1260 tgatgtcgac aagagcagct tgtgtcaaga ccatttgttc gccatctttg gtgtcttcag 1320 cggactgtca cttgtaaatt atgtattgat gaatgcagca gctaatgtgt ttcacagtac 1380 tggccttgtg gtactgactt ttcacgatgc cttgtcacta atggagcagg tatttatgag 1440 tccgctcatt ccagtggtct ttttgatgct cttgttcttc tctagtcaaa ttaccgcact 1500 agcttgggct ttcggtggag aggtcgtcct gcatgacttc ctgaagatag aaatacccgc 1560 ttggcttcat cgtgctacaa tcagaattct tgcagttgct cctgcgcttt attgtgtatg 1620 gacatctggt gcagacggaa tataccagtt acttatattc acccaggtct tggtggcaat 1680 gatgcttcct tgctcggtaa taccgctttt ccgcattgct tcgtcgagac aaatcatggg 1740 tgtccataaa atccctcagg ttggcgagtt cctcgcactt acaacgtttt tgggatttct 1800 ggggttgaat gttgtttttg ttgttgagat ggtatttggg agcagtgact gggctggtgg 1860 tttgagatgg aataccgtga tgggcacctc gattcagtac accactctgc ttgtatcgtc 1920 atgtgcatcc ttatgcctga tactctggct ggcagccacg ccgctgaaat ctgcgagtaa 1980 cagagcggaa gctcaaatat ggaacatgga tgctcaaaat gctttatctt atccatctgt 2040 tcaagaagag gaaattgaaa gaacagaaac aaggaggaac gaagacgaat caatagtgcg 2100 gttggaaagc agggtaaagg atcagttgga tactacgtct gttactagct cggtctatga 2160 tttgccagag aacattctaa tgacggatca agaaatccgt tcgagccctc cagaggaaag 2220 agagttggat gtaaagtact ctacctctca agttagtagt cttaaggaag actctgatgt 2280 aaaggaacag tctgtattgc agtcaacagt ggttaatgag gtcagtgata aggatctgat 2340 tgttgaaaca aagatggcga aaattgaacc aatgagtcct gtggagaaga ttgttagcat 2400 ggagaataac agcaagttta ttgaaaagga tgttgaaggg gtttcatggg aaacagaaga 2460 agctaccaaa gctgctccta caagcaactt tactgtcgga tctgatggtc ctccttcatt 2520 ccgcagctta agtggggaag ggggaagtgg gactggaagc ctttcacggt tgcaaggttt 2580 gggacgtgct gcccggagac acttatctgc gatccttgat gaattttggg gacatttata 2640 tgattttcat gggcaattgg ttgctgaagc cagggcaaag aaactagatc agctgtttgg 2700 cactgatcaa aagtcagcct cttctatgaa agcagattcg tttggaaaag acattagcag 2760 tggatattgc atgtcaccaa ctgcgaaggg aatggattca cagatgactt caagtttata 2820 tgattcactg aagcagcaga ggacaccggg aagtatcgat tcgttgtatg gattacaaag 2880 aggttcgtca ccgtcaccgt tggtcaaccg tatgcagatg ttgggtgcat atggtaacac 2940 cactaataat aataatgctt acgaattgag tgagagaaga tactctagcc tgcgtgctcc 3000 atcatcttca gagggttggg aacaccaaca accagctaca gttcacggat accagatgaa 3060 gtcatatgta gacaatttgg caaaagaaag gcttgaagcc ttacaatccc gtggagagat 3120 cccgacatcg agatctatgg cgcttggtac attgagctat acacagcaac ttgctttagc 3180 cttgaaacag aagtcccaga atggtctaac ccctggacca gctcctgggt ttgagaattt 3240 tgctgggtct agaagcatat cgcgacaatc tgaaagatct tattacggtg ttccatcttc 3300 tggcaatact gatactgttg gcgcagcagt agccaatgag aaaaaatata gtagcatgcc 3360 agatatctca ggattgtcta tgtccgcaag gaacatgcat ttaccaaaca acaagagtgg 3420 atactgggat ccgtcaagtg gaggaggagg gtatggtgcg tcttatggtc ggttaagcaa 3480 tgaatcatcg ttatattcta atttggggtc acgggtggga gtaccctcga cttatgatga 3540 catttctcaa tcaagaggag gctacagaga tgcctacagt ttgccacaga gtgcaacaac 3600 agggaccgga tcgctttggt ccagacagcc ctttgagcag tttggtgtag cggagaggaa 3660 tggtgctgtt ggtgaggagc tcaggaatag atcgaatccg atcaatatag acaacaacgc 3720 ttcttctaat gttgatgcag aggctaagct tcttcagtcg ttcaggcact gtattctaaa 3780 gcttattaaa cttgaaggat ccgagtggtt gtttggacaa agcgatggag ttgatgaaga 3840 actgattgac cgggtagctg cacgagagaa gtttatctat gaagctgaag ctcgagaaat 3900 aaaccaggtg ggtcacatgg gggagccact aatttcatcg gttcctaact gtggagatgg 3960 ttgcgtttgg agagctgatt tgattgtgag ctttggagtt tggtgcattc accgtgtcct 4020 tgacttgtct ctcatggaga gtcggcctga gctttgggga aagtacactt acgttctcaa 4080 ccgcctacag ggagtgattg atccggcgtt ctcaaagctg cggacaccaa tgacaccgtg 4140 cttttgcctt cagattccag cgagccacca gagagcgagt ccgacttcag ctaacggaat 4200 gttacctccg gctgcaaaac cggctaaagg caaatgcaca accgcagtca cacttcttga 4260 tctaatcaaa gacgttgaaa tggcaatctc ttgtagaaaa ggccgaaccg gtacagctgc 4320 aggtgatgtg gctttcccaa aggggaaaga gaatttggct tcggttttga agcggtataa 4380 acgtcggtta tcgaataaac cagtaggtat gaatcaggat ggacccggtt caagaaaaaa 4440 cgtgactgcg tacggatcat tgggttgaag aagaagaaca ttgtgagaaa tctcatgatc 4500 aaagtgacgt cgagagggaa gccgaagaat caaaactctc gcttttgatt gctcctctgc 4560 ttcgttaatt gtgtattaag aaaagaagaa aaaaaatgga tttttgttgc ttcagaattt 4620 ttcgctcttt ttttcttaat ttggttgtaa tgttatgttt atatacatat atcatcatca 4680 taggaccata gctacaaacc gaatccggtt tgtgtaattc tatgcggaat cataaagaaa 4740 tcgtcggttt gaaatgtt 4758 14 6022 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana 14 aggtggcacg agcacccata accttcagac ctatagatac aaatatgtat gtatacgttt 60 tttatatata aatattttat ataattgatt tttcgatctt cttttatctc tctctttcga 120 tggaactgag ctctttctct ctttcctctt cttttctctc tctatctcta tctctcgtag 180 cttgataaga gtttctctct tttgaagatc cgtttctctc tctctcactg agactattgt 240 tgttaggtca acttgcgatc atggcgattt cgaaggtgac ttctttcaaa aaccctaatc 300 ctctgttttt ttttttattt tgctgggggg ctttgtacgg actttcatgg gtttttgtag 360 cttttccctc ggcttttgcg caaatgagac tttctgggtt ttttttccag ctttttataa 420 tttcatcagg tggatcgaat tcgtagtttc agcttagatc tctctccctc ttcattatct 480 ggactttcca gacttggagt tcttcgggat tgttttcggt ttctgggttt tgttttaatt 540 gcgagattta agcttttttc ttttttacta ctgtacttgg tttgtggttg accttttttt 600 tccttgaaga tctgaatgcg tagatcatac gggatctttg catttttgtt gcttttcgtc 660 agcgttacga ttcttttagc ttcagtttag ttgaaatttg tatttttttt gagcttatct 720 tctttttgtt gctgcttcat actaagatca attattgatt tgtaatacta ctgtatctga 780 agattttcac cataaaaaaa aaattcaggt ctgaagctga tttcgaatgg tttggagata 840 tccgtagtgg ttaagcatat ggaagtctat gttctgctct tggttgctct gttagggctt 900 cctccatttg gaccaactta gctgaatgtt gtatgatctc tctccttgaa gcagcaaata 960 agaagaaggt ctggtcctta acttaacatc tggttactag aggaaacttc agctattatt 1020 aggtaaagaa agactgtaca gagttgtata acaagtaagc gttagagtgg ctttgtttgc 1080 ctcggtgata gaagaaccga ctgattcgtt gttgtgtgtt agctttggag ggaatcagat 1140 ttcgcgaggg aaggtgtttt agatcaaatc tgtgaatttt actcaactga ggcttttagt 1200 gaaccacgac tgtagagttg accttgaatc ctactctgag taattatatt atcagataga 1260 tttaggatgg aagctgaaat tgtgaatgtg agacctcagc tagggtttat ccagagaatg 1320 gttcctgctc tacttcctgt ccttttggtt tctgtcggat atattgatcc cgggaaatgg 1380 gttgcaaata tcgaaggagg tgctcgtttc gggtatgact tggtggcaat tactctgctt 1440 ttcaattttg ccgccatctt atgccaatat gttgcagctc gcataagcgt tgtgactggt 1500 aaacacttgg ctcaggtaaa catttttctg atctctaaag aacaaacttt ttaaaataac 1560 aaactgggct ctgtggttgt cttgtcactt tctcaaagtg gaattctact aaccaccttc 1620 tctatttttc taacatttta atgttcttta ctgggacaga tctgcaatga agaatatgac 1680 aagtggacgt gcatgttctt gggcattcag gcggagttct cagcaattct gctcgacctt 1740 accatggtag ttacttacaa tctttgctgt tcttaatttt tttattatgt gataaaattt 1800 tgattcctct gacttgagct tctctattat aaacaggttg tgggagttgc gcatgcactt 1860 aaccttttgt ttggggtgga gttatccact ggagtgtttt tggccgccat ggatgcgttt 1920 ttatttcctg ttttcgcctc tttccttgta tgactggtct tcctgtcttg ttttttttct 1980 ccacgttctt gaaatagcat tattggaaat tagctgacat gcatacaatt tctgacagga 2040 aaatggtatg gcaaatacag tatccattta ctctgcaggc ctggtattac ttctctatgt 2100 atctggcgtc ttgctgagtc agtctgagat cccactctct atgaatggag tgttaactcg 2160 gttaaatgga gagagcgcat tcgcactgat gggtcttctt ggcgcaagca tcgtccctca 2220 caatttttat atccattctt attttgctgg ggtacctttt ttctctttat atgtatctct 2280 cttttctgtt aagaagcaat aattatacta agcagtgaac gctctattac aggaaagtac 2340 atcttcgtct gatgtcgaca agagcagctt gtgtcaagac catttgttcg ccatctttgg 2400 tgtcttcagc ggactgtcac ttgtaaatta tgtattgatg aatgcagcag ctaatgtgtt 2460 tcacagtact ggccttgtgg tactgacttt tcacgatgcc ttgtcactaa tggagcaggt 2520 ttgttctgac ggttttatgt tcgtattagt ctataattca tttttaggga aaatgttcag 2580 aaatctctcg tgattattaa ttatcttgtt cttgattgtt gatcacaggt atttatgagt 2640 ccgctcattc cagtggtctt tttgatgctc ttgttcttct ctagtcaaat taccgcacta 2700 gcttgggctt tcggtggaga ggtcgtcctg catgacttcc tgaagataga aatacccgct 2760 tggcttcatc gtgctacaat cagaattctt gcagttgctc ctgcgcttta ttgtgtatgg 2820 acatctggtg cagacggaat ataccagtta cttatattca cccaggtctt ggtggcaatg 2880 atgcttcctt gctcggtaat accgcttttc cgcattgctt cgtcgagaca aatcatgggt 2940 gtccataaaa tccctcaggt tggcgagttc ctcgcactta caacgttttt gggatttctg 3000 gggttgaatg ttgtttttgt tgttgagatg gtatttggga gcagtgactg ggctggtggt 3060 ttgagatgga ataccgtgat gggcacctcg attcagtaca ccactctgct tgtatcgtca 3120 tgtgcatcct tatgcctgat actctggctg gcagccacgc cgctgaaatc tgcgagtaac 3180 agagcggaag ctcaaatatg gaacatggat gctcaaaatg ctttatctta tccatctgtt 3240 caagaagagg aaattgaaag aacagaaaca aggaggaacg aagacgaatc aatagtgcgg 3300 ttggaaagca gggtaaagga tcagttggat actacgtctg ttactagctc ggtctatgat 3360 ttgccagaga acattctaat gacggatcaa gaaatccgtt cgagccctcc agaggaaaga 3420 gagttggatg taaagtactc tacctctcaa gttagtagtc ttaaggaaga ctctgatgta 3480 aaggaacagt ctgtattgca gtcaacagtg gttaatgagg tcagtgataa ggatctgatt 3540 gttgaaacaa agatggcgaa aattgaacca atgagtcctg tggagaagat tgttagcatg 3600 gagaataaca gcaagtttat tgaaaaggat gttgaagggg tttcatggga aacagaagaa 3660 gctaccaaag ctgctcctac aagcaacttt actgtcggat ctgatggtcc tccttcattc 3720 cgcagcttaa gtggggaagg gggaagtggg actggaagcc tttcacggtt gcaaggtttg 3780 ggacgtgctg cccggagaca cttatctgcg atccttgatg aattttgggg acatttatat 3840 gattttcatg ggcaattggt tgctgaagcc agggcaaaga aactagatca gctgtttggc 3900 actgatcaaa agtcagcctc ttctatgaaa gcagattcgt ttggaaaaga cattagcagt 3960 ggatattgca tgtcaccaac tgcgaaggga atggattcac agatgacttc aagtttatat 4020 gattcactga agcagcagag gacaccggga agtatcgatt cgttgtatgg attacaaaga 4080 ggttcgtcac cgtcaccgtt ggtcaaccgt atgcagatgt tgggtgcata tggtaacacc 4140 actaataata ataatgctta cgaattgagt gagagaagat actctagcct gcgtgctcca 4200 tcatcttcag agggttggga acaccaacaa ccagctacag ttcacggata ccagatgaag 4260 tcatatgtag acaatttggc aaaagaaagg cttgaagcct tacaatcccg tggagagatc 4320 ccgacatcga gatctatggc gcttggtaca ttgagctata cacagcaact tgctttagcc 4380 ttgaaacaga agtcccagaa tggtctaacc cctggaccag ctcctgggtt tgagaatttt 4440 gctgggtcta gaagcatatc gcgacaatct gaaagatctt attacggtgt tccatcttct 4500 ggcaatactg atactgttgg cgcagcagta gccaatgaga aaaaatatag tagcatgcca 4560 gatatctcag gattgtctat gtccgcaagg aacatgcatt taccaaacaa caagagtgga 4620 tactgggatc cgtcaagtgg aggaggaggg tatggtgcgt cttatggtcg gttaagcaat 4680 gaatcatcgt tatattctaa tttggggtca cgggtgggag taccctcgac ttatgatgac 4740 atttctcaat caagaggagg ctacagagat gcctacagtt tgccacagag tgcaacaaca 4800 gggaccggat cgctttggtc cagacagccc tttgagcagt ttggtgtagc ggagaggaat 4860 ggtgctgttg gtgaggagct caggaataga tcgaatccga tcaatataga caacaacgct 4920 tcttctaatg ttgatgcaga ggctaagctt cttcagtcgt tcaggcactg tattctaaag 4980 cttattaaac ttgaaggatc cgagtggttg tttggacaaa gcgatggagt tgatgaagaa 5040 ctgattgacc gggtagctgc acgagagaag tttatctatg aagctgaagc tcgagaaata 5100 aaccaggtgg gtcacatggg ggagccacta atttcatcgg ttcctaactg tggagatggt 5160 tgcgtttgga gagctgattt gattgtgagc tttggagttt ggtgcattca ccgtgtcctt 5220 gacttgtctc tcatggagag tcggcctgag ctttggggaa agtacactta cgttctcaac 5280 cgcctacagg taacaaaaac cgcagtagtt cattgaaaat cacagttttg cagtttgaaa 5340 atattgacat gtatggattt aaacagggag tgattgatcc ggcgttctca aagctgcgga 5400 caccaatgac accgtgcttt tgccttcaga ttccagcgag ccaccagaga gcgagtccga 5460 cttcagctaa cggaatgtta cctccggctg caaaaccggc taaaggcaaa tgcacaaccg 5520 cagtcacact tcttgatcta atcaaagacg ttgaaatggc aatctcttgt agaaaaggcc 5580 gaaccggtac agctgcaggt gatgtggctt tcccaaaggg gaaagagaat ttggcttcgg 5640 ttttgaagcg gtataaacgt cggttatcga ataaaccagt aggtatgaat caggatggac 5700 ccggttcaag aaaaaacgtg actgcgtacg gatcattggg ttgaagaaga agaacattgt 5760 gagaaatctc atgatcaaag tgacgtcgag agggaagccg aagaatcaaa actctcgctt 5820 ttgattgctc ctctgcttcg ttaattgtgt attaagaaaa gaagaaaaaa aatggatttt 5880 tgttgcttca gaatttttcg ctcttttttt cttaatttgg ttgtaatgtt atgtttatat 5940 acatatatca tcatcatagg accatagcta caaaccgaat ccggtttgtg taattctatg 6000 cggaatcata aagaaatcgt cg 6022 15 2413 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana 15 acagagagac tccacaaaga aacgcaaata aacaaaagtc gctttctagc cacgtgatct 60 ttcgtcgact tttcttcttc ttcttcttct tcctcttcct catctcgtat ctctaacttt 120 tgtcgaagtt cttttgatga aactagggtt tattatcttc tccttctttt tcccatcacc 180 atagaaaagg cagagacctt tttcttcatc atttttattc tccttcttct tctgctgttc 240 atttctccag gttacaatga tgtttaatga gatgggaatg tgtggaaaca tggatttctt 300 ctcttctgga tcacttggtg aagttgattt ctgtcctgtt ccacaagctg agcctgattc 360 cattgttgaa gatgactata ctgatgatga gattgatgtt gatgaattgg agaggaggat 420 gtggagagac aaaatgcggc ttaaacgtct caaggagcag gataagggta aagaaggtgt 480 tgatgctgct aaacagaggc agtctcaaga gcaagctagg aggaagaaaa tgtctagagc 540 tcaagatggg atcttgaagt atatgttgaa gatgatggaa gtttgtaaag ctcaaggctt 600 tgtttatggg attattccgg agaatgggaa gcctgtgact ggtgcttctg ataatttaag 660 ggagtggtgg aaagataagg ttaggtttga tcgtaatggt cctgcggcta ttaccaagta 720 tcaagcggag aataatatcc cggggattca tgaaggtaat aacccgattg gaccgactcc 780 tcataccttg caagagcttc aagacacgac tcttggatcg cttttgtctg cgttgatgca 840 acactgtgat cctcctcaga gacgttttcc tttggagaaa ggagttcctc ctccgtggtg 900 gcctaatggg aaagaggatt ggtggcctca acttggtttg cctaaagatc aaggtcctgc 960 accttacaag aagcctcatg atttgaagaa ggcgtggaaa gtcggcgttt tgactgcggt 1020 tatcaagcat atgtttcctg atattgctaa gatccgtaag ctcgtgaggc aatctaaatg 1080 tttgcaggat aagatgactg ctaaagagag tgctacctgg cttgctatta ttaaccaaga 1140 agagtccttg gctagagagc tttatcccga gtcatgtcca cctctttctc tgtctggtgg 1200 aagttgctcg cttctgatga atgattgcag tcaatacgat gttgaaggtt tcgagaagga 1260 gtctcactat gaagtggaag agctcaagcc agaaaaagtt atgaattctt caaactttgg 1320 gatggttgct aaaatgcatg actttcctgt caaagaagaa gtcccagcag gaaactcgga 1380 attcatgaga aagagaaagc caaacagaga tctgaacact attatggaca gaaccgtttt 1440 cacctgcgag aatcttgggt gtgcgcacag cgaaatcagc cggggatttc tggataggaa 1500 ttcgagagac aaccatcaac tggcatgtcc acatcgagac agtcgcttac cgtatggagc 1560 agcaccatcc aggtttcatg tcaatgaagt taagcctgta gttggatttc ctcagccaag 1620 gccagtgaac tcagtagccc aaccaattga cttaacgggt atagttcctg aagatggaca 1680 gaagatgatc tcagagctca tgtccatgta cgacagaaat gtccagagca accaaacctc 1740 tatggtcatg gaaaatcaaa gcgtgtcact gcttcaaccc acagtccata accatcaaga 1800 acatctccag ttcccaggaa acatggtgga aggaagtttc tttgaagact tgaacatccc 1860 aaacagagca aacaacaaca acagcagcaa caatcaaacg ttttttcaag ggaacaacaa 1920 caacaacaat gtgtttaagt tcgacactgc agatcacaac aactttgaag ctgcacataa 1980 caacaacaat aacagtagcg gcaacaggtt ccagcttgtg tttgattcca caccgttcga 2040 catggcgtca ttcgattaca gagatgatat gtcgatgcca ggagtagtag gaacgatgga 2100 tggaatgcag cagaagcagc aagatgtatc catatggttc taaagtcttg gtagtagatt 2160 tcatcttctc ttatttttat cttttgtgtt cttacattca ctcaaccatg taatattttt 2220 tcctgggtct ctctgtctct atcgcttgtt atgatgtgtc tgtaagagtc tctaaaaact 2280 ctctgttact gtgtgtcttt gtctcggctt ggtgaatctc tctgtcatca tcagctttta 2340 gttacacacc cgacttgggg atgaacgaac actaaatgta agttttcata atataaatat 2400 atttgcaagc tct 2413 16 2310 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana 16 tcttcttctt cttcctcttc ctcatctcgt atctctaact tttgtcgaag ttcttttgat 60 gaaactaggg tttattatct tctccttctt tttcccatca ccatagaaaa ggcagagacc 120 tttttcttca tcatttttat tctccttctt cttctgctgt tcatttctcc aggttacaat 180 gatgtttaat gagatgggaa tgtgtggaaa catggatttc ttctcttctg gatcacttgg 240 tgaagttgat ttctgtcctg ttccacaagc tgagcctgat tccattgttg aagatgacta 300 tactgatgat gagattgatg ttgatgaatt ggagaggagg atgtggagag acaaaatgcg 360 gcttaaacgt ctcaaggagc aggataaggg taaagaaggt gttgatgctg ctaaacagag 420 gcagtctcaa gagcaagcta ggaggaagaa aatgtctaga gctcaagatg ggatcttgaa 480 gtatatgttg aagatgatgg aagtttgtaa agctcaaggc tttgtttatg ggattattcc 540 ggagaatggg aagcctgtga ctggtgcttc tgataattta agggagtggt ggaaagataa 600 ggttaggttt gatcgtaatg gtcctgcggc tattaccaag tatcaagcgg agaataatat 660 cccggggatt catgaaggta ataacccgat tggaccgact cctcatacct tgcaagagct 720 tcaagacacg actcttggat cgcttttgtc tgcgttgatg caacactgtg atcctcctca 780 gagacgtttt cctttggaga aaggagttcc tcctccgtgg tggcctaatg ggaaagagga 840 ttggtggcct caacttggtt tgcctaaaga tcaaggtcct gcaccttaca agaagcctca 900 tgatttgaag aaggcgtgga aagtcggcgt tttgactgcg gttatcaagc atatgtttcc 960 tgatattgct aagatccgta agctcgtgag gcaatctaaa tgtttgcagg ataagatgac 1020 tgctaaagag agtgctacct ggcttgctat tattaaccaa gaagagtcct tggctagaga 1080 gctttatccc gagtcatgtc cacctctttc tctgtctggt ggaagttgct cgcttctgat 1140 gaatgattgc agtcaatacg atgttgaagg tttcgagaag gagtctcact atgaagtgga 1200 agagctcaag ccagaaaaag ttatgaattc ttcaaacttt gggatggttg ctaaaatgca 1260 tgactttcct gtcaaagaag aagtcccagc aggaaactcg gaattcatga gaaagagaaa 1320 gccaaacaga gatctgaaca ctattatgga cagaaccgtt ttcacctgcg agaatcttgg 1380 gtgtgcgcac agcgaaatca gccggggatt tctggatagg aattcgagag acaaccatca 1440 actggcatgt ccacatcgag acagtcgctt accgtatgga gcagcaccat ccaggtttca 1500 tgtcaatgaa gttaagcctg tagttggatt tcctcagcca aggccagtga actcagtagc 1560 ccaaccaatt gacttaacgg gtatagttcc tgaagatgga cagaagatga tctcagagct 1620 catgtccatg tacgacagaa atgtccagag caaccaaacc tctatggtca tggaaaatca 1680 aagcgtgtca ctgcttcaac ccacagtcca taaccatcaa gaacatctcc agttcccagg 1740 aaacatggtg gaaggaagtt tctttgaaga cttgaacatc ccaaacagag caaacaacaa 1800 caacagcagc aacaatcaaa cgttttttca agggaacaac aacaacaaca atgtgtttaa 1860 gttcgacact gcagatcaca acaactttga agctgcacat aacaacaaca ataacagtag 1920 cggcaacagg ttccagcttg tgtttgattc cacaccgttc gacatggcgt cattcgatta 1980 cagagatgat atgtcgatgc caggagtagt aggaacgatg gatggaatgc agcagaagca 2040 gcaagatgta tccatatggt tctaaagtct tggtagtaga tttcatcttc tcttattttt 2100 atcttttgtg ttcttacatt cactcaacca tgtaatattt tttcctgggt ctctctgtct 2160 ctatcgcttg ttatgatgtg tctgtaagag tctctaaaaa ctctctgtta ctgtgtgtct 2220 ttgtctcggc ttggtgaatc tctctgtcat catcagcttt tagttacaca cccgacttgg 2280 ggatgaacga acactaaatg taagttttca 2310 

we claim:
 1. A polynucleotide comprising: a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant plant ethylene receptor protein, or a fragment thereof, wherein said mutant protein, or said fragment thereof, exhibits ethylene insensitivity; and b) a regulatory nucleotide sequence operably linked to said protein encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence promotes transcription of said protein encoding nucleotide sequence in cells that comprise abscission zone tissue of a plant.
 2. The polynucleotide according to claim 1, wherein said mutant ethylene receptor protein is selected from the group consisting of etr1, etr2, ers1, ers2, and ein4 mutant receptors.
 3. The polynucleotide according to claim 2, wherein said etr1 mutant receptor has a sequence of an Arabidopsis thaliana etr1 sequence.
 4. The polynucleotide according to claim 3, wherein said etr1 sequence is selected from the group consisting of etr1-1 (SEQ ID NO. 1), etr1-2 (SEQ ID NO. 2), etr1-3 (SEQ ID NO. 3), and etr1-4 (SEQ ID NO. 4).
 5. The polynucleotide according to claim 3, wherein said mutant receptor sequence is the etr1-1 sequence (SEQ ID NO. 1).
 6. The polynucleotide according to claim 5, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said mutant receptor sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.
 5. 7. The polynucleotide according to claim 2, wherein said etr2 mutant receptor has a sequence of an Arabidopsis thaliana etr2 sequence.
 8. The polynucleotide according to claim 7, wherein the mutant receptor sequence is the etr2-1 sequence (SEQ ID NO. 6).
 9. The polynucleotide according to claim 8, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said mutant receptor sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.
 7. 10. The polynucleotide according to claim 1, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence comprises a promoter sequence from a plant chitinase gene, cellulase gene, or polygalacturonase gene.
 11. The polynucleotide according to claim 10, wherein said promoter is from a cotton chitinase gene and comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 or a functional fragment thereof.
 12. The polynucleotide according to claim 1, wherein said protein encoding nucleotide sequence encodes a mutant receptor sequence having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1, and wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 or a functional fragment thereof.
 13. The polynucleotide according to claim 10, wherein said promoter is from a cotton chitinase gene.
 14. A cell transformed with a polynucleotide that comprises: a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant plant ethylene receptor protein, or a fragment thereof, wherein said mutant protein, or said fragment thereof, exhibits ethylene insensitivity; and b) a regulatory nucleotide sequence operably linked to said protein encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence promotes transcription of said protein encoding nucleotide sequence in cells that comprise abscission zone tissue of a plant.
 15. A plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell transformed with or bred to contain a polynucleotide that comprises: a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant plant ethylene receptor protein, or a fragment thereof, wherein said mutant protein, or said fragment thereof, exhibits ethylene insensitivity; and b) a regulatory nucleotide sequence operably linked to said protein encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence promotes transcription of said protein encoding nucleotide sequence in cells that comprise abscission zone tissue of a plant.
 16. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 15, wherein said mutant ethylene receptor protein is selected from the group consisting of etr1, etr2, ers1, ers2, and ein4 mutant receptors.
 17. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 15, wherein said etr1 mutant receptor has a sequence of an Arabidopsis thaliana etr1 sequence.
 18. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 17, wherein said etr1 sequence is selected from the group consisting of etr1-1 (SEQ ID NO. 1), etr1-2 (SEQ ID NO. 2), etr1-3 (SEQ ID NO. 3), and etr1-4 (SEQ ID NO. 4).
 19. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 18, wherein the mutant receptor sequence is the etr1-1 sequence (SEQ ID NO. 1).
 20. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 19, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said mutant receptor sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.
 5. 21. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 16, wherein said etr2 mutant receptor has a sequence of an Arabidopsis thaliana etr2 sequence.
 22. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 21, wherein the mutant receptor sequence is the etr2-1 sequence (SEQ ID NO. 6).
 23. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 22, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said mutant receptor sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.
 7. 24. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 15, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence comprises a promoter sequence from a plant chitinase gene, cellulase gene, or polygalacturonase gene.
 25. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 24, wherein said promoter is from a cotton chitinase gene and comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 or a functional fragment thereof.
 26. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 15, wherein said protein encoding nucleotide sequence encodes a mutant receptor sequence having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1, and wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 or a functional fragment thereof.
 27. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 15, wherein said plant is a monocotyledonous plant.
 28. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 27, wherein said monocotyledonous plant is selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, maize, lilies, banana, pineapple, turfgrass, gladiolus, and millet.
 29. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 15, wherein said plant is a dicotyledonous plant.
 30. The plant, plant tissue, or a plant cell according to claim 29, wherein said dicotyledonous plant is selected from the group consisting of cotton, peas, alfalfa, chickpea, chicory, clover, kale, lentil, prairie grass, soybean, tobacco, potato, sweet potato, radish, cabbage, rape, apple trees, coffee, tomato, melon, citrus, beans, roses, sugar beet, squash, peppers, strawberry, carnation, chrysanthemums, impatiens, eucalyptus, and lettuce.
 31. A method for decreasing flower, fruit, or leaf drop in a plant upon exposure to ethylene, said method comprising introducing a polynucleotide into said plant, wherein said polynucleotide comprises: a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant plant ethylene receptor protein, or a fragment thereof, wherein said mutant protein, or said fragment thereof, exhibits ethylene insensitivity; and b) a regulatory nucleotide sequence operably linked to said protein encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence promotes transcription of said protein encoding nucleotide sequence in cells that comprise abscission zone tissue of a plant.
 32. The method according to claim 31, wherein said mutant ethylene receptor protein is selected from the group consisting of etr1, etr2, ers1, ers2, and ein4 mutant receptors.
 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein said etr1 mutant receptor has a sequence of an Arabidopsis thaliana etr1 sequence.
 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein said etr1 sequence is selected from the group consisting of etr1-1 (SEQ ID NO. 1), etr1-2 (SEQ ID NO. 2), etr1-3 (SEQ ID NO. 3), and etr1-4 (SEQ ID NO. 4).
 35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the mutant receptor sequence is the etr1-1 sequence (SEQ ID NO. 1).
 36. The method according to claim 35, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said mutant receptor sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.
 5. 37. The method according to claim 32, wherein said etr2 mutant receptor has a sequence of an Arabidopsis thaliana etr2 sequence.
 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the mutant receptor sequence is the etr2-1 sequence (SEQ ID NO. 6).
 39. The method according to claim 38, wherein said nucleotide sequence encoding said mutant receptor sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.
 7. 40. The method according to claim 31, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence comprises a promoter sequence from a plant chitinase gene, cellulase gene, or polygalacturonase gene.
 41. The method according to claim 40, wherein said promoter is from a cotton chitinase gene and comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 or a functional fragment thereof.
 42. The method according to claim 31, wherein said protein encoding nucleotide sequence encodes a mutant receptor sequence having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1, and wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence comprises the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 or a functional fragment thereof.
 43. The method according to claim 31, wherein said plant is a monocotyledonous plant.
 44. The method according to claim 43, wherein said monocotyledonous plant is selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, maize, lilies, banana, pineapple, turfgrass, gladiolus, and millet.
 45. The method according to claim 31, wherein said plant is a dicotyledonous plant.
 46. The method according to claim 45, wherein said dicotyledonous plant is selected from the group consisting of cotton, peas, alfalfa, chickpea, chicory, clover, kale, lentil, prairie grass, soybean, tobacco, potato, sweet potato, radish, cabbage, rape, apple trees, coffee, tomato, melon, citrus, beans, roses, sugar beet, squash, peppers, strawberry, carnation, chrysanthemums, impatiens, eucalyptus, and lettuce.
 47. A polynucleotide comprising: a) a nucleotide sequence encoding a plant EIN or EIL gene product, or a fragment thereof; and b) a regulatory nucleotide sequence operably linked to said protein encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence promotes transcription of said protein encoding nucleotide sequence in cells that comprise abscission zone tissue of a plant.
 48. The polynucleotide according to claim 47, wherein said EIN gene product is an EIN2 or EIN3 gene product.
 49. The polynucleotide according to claim 47, wherein said EIL gene product is an EIN3-like gene product.
 50. The polynucleotide according to claim 47, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence comprises a promoter sequence from a plant chitinase gene, cellulase gene, or polygalacturonase gene.
 51. The polynucleotide according to claim 50, wherein said promoter is from a cotton chitinase gene and comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 or a functional fragment thereof.
 52. A polynucleotide comprising: a) a nucleotide sequence whose transcribed nucleic acid sequence is at least partially complementary to the transcription product of an EIN or EIL gene, or a fragment thereof; and b) a regulatory nucleotide sequence operably linked to said protein encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence promotes transcription of said protein encoding nucleotide sequence in cells that comprise abscission zone tissue of a plant.
 53. The polynucleotide according to claim 52, wherein said EIN gene is an EIN2 or EIN3 gene.
 54. The polynucleotide according to claim 52, wherein said EIL gene is an EIN3-like gene.
 55. The polynucleotide according to claim 52, wherein said regulatory nucleotide sequence comprises a promoter sequence from a plant chitinase gene, cellulase gene, or polygalacturonase gene.
 56. The polynucleotide according to claim 55, wherein said promoter is from a cotton chitinase gene and comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 or a functional fragment thereof. 